The "d" in the formula refers to "differential" or "delta," indicating a change, typically as a function of time. The discussion clarifies that the equation does not assume a constant force; instead, it requires integrating force over a range of displacement. The expression dW = F · dr represents an infinitesimal amount of work done over an infinitesimal displacement, where force is approximately constant during that displacement. As the path progresses, both force and displacement will vary, complicating the interpretation of these differentials. Understanding these nuances is crucial, especially since work often depends on the path taken.