Impurities added to semiconductors like silicon and germanium are typically chosen from groups 13 and 15 of the periodic table due to their favorable electrical properties. These elements, such as boron and phosphorus, effectively alter the semiconductor's conductivity without disrupting the crystal structure. In contrast, elements from group 17 may bond too readily, potentially leading to undesirable effects. Additionally, group 12 elements do not provide the necessary charge carriers to enhance semiconductor performance. Understanding the crystal structure and compatibility of dopants is crucial for optimizing semiconductor functionality.
