The discussion focuses on the segmented memory model of the 8086 assembly language, highlighting how segments can overlap. Specifically, addresses like A000:0000 and A001:0000 are not 64KB apart due to this overlap, which occurs every 16 bytes. The addressing modes mentioned include register addressing, immediate addressing, direct addressing, and register indirect mode, with a specific example provided for displacement combined with indirect addressing. The example illustrates how to access a 16-bit memory word using the instruction "mov dx, es:6[bx]," where the displacement can be either 8-bit or 16-bit. This reflects the complexity and versatility of addressing in 8086 assembly language.