Why do objects have internal energy?

In summary, the molecules/atoms in an object are in constant, random motion due to electromagnetic forces. This is because objects have some energy that is conserved, and even "neutral" atoms have internal charges that can affect their motion. The Pauli exclusion principle also plays a role in preventing the electron shells from overlapping too much. Overall, electromagnetic forces are responsible for the motion of objects and help to keep them together. This motion can be seen as a result of the energy created during the beginning of the Universe, which has spread throughout.
  • #1
Vectronix
64
2
From what I understand, the molecules/atoms that make up an object are in constant, random motion. Do electromagnetic forces cause this motion or what is the cause of it? If so, why would net electromagnetic forces exist between "neutral" atoms?
 
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  • #2
Vectronix said:
Do electromagnetic forces cause this motion or what is the cause of it?
The objects have some energy - and they just keep that (conservation of energy). You would have to create something at absolute zero temperature to avoid that, and you can't do that.
Vectronix said:
If so, why would net electromagnetic forces exist between "neutral" atoms?
They still have internal charges, and if their distance is of the same scale as their diameters these matter. In addition, the Pauli exclusion principle prevents the electron shells from overlapping too much.
 
  • #3
Vectronix said:
Do electromagnetic forces cause this motion
They are the reason that an object doesn't"t just fly apart, due to the motion.
One way you could look upon the motion is that it's the share of the Energy that was created when the Universe started. That Energy has spread everywhere.
 

1. Why do objects have internal energy?

Objects have internal energy because all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. These atoms are constantly moving and vibrating, which creates energy. This energy is known as internal energy and is responsible for the temperature and state of matter of an object.

2. How is internal energy different from external energy?

Internal energy refers to the energy contained within the particles of an object, while external energy refers to the energy that an object has due to its position or motion. Internal energy is a form of potential energy, while external energy is a form of kinetic energy.

3. Can internal energy be measured?

Yes, internal energy can be measured through various methods such as calorimetry, which measures the heat transfer in a system, and thermodynamics, which studies the relationship between heat and other forms of energy.

4. How does internal energy affect the behavior of objects?

The internal energy of an object affects its behavior in various ways. For example, when an object absorbs heat energy, its internal energy increases, causing its particles to move faster and its temperature to rise. This can lead to changes in the object's physical properties, such as expansion or change in state.

5. Can internal energy be changed or removed?

Yes, internal energy can be changed or removed through different processes such as heating or cooling an object. Additionally, work can be done on an object to change its internal energy, such as compressing a gas. However, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.

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