Why do steam burns cause more severe skin damage than water burns?

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SUMMARY

Steam burns at 100 degrees Celsius cause more severe skin damage than water burns at the same temperature due to the higher specific enthalpy of steam. While 100-degree Celsius water transfers approximately 200 J of energy to the skin, 100-degree Celsius steam delivers 2254 J, resulting in significant vaporization of water in skin cells. The difference in energy transfer is primarily attributed to the latent heat of steam and the efficiency of heat transfer mechanisms, such as convection, which are more effective with condensing steam compared to still water.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of specific enthalpy and latent heat concepts
  • Familiarity with thermodynamics principles
  • Knowledge of heat transfer mechanisms, particularly convection
  • Basic understanding of skin physiology and thermal injury
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the specific enthalpy values of steam and water at various temperatures
  • Study the principles of heat transfer, focusing on convection and conduction
  • Examine the effects of thermal injury on skin cells and tissue
  • Explore the film coefficients for condensing steam versus still water
USEFUL FOR

Students in thermodynamics, medical professionals studying burn treatment, and anyone interested in the physics of heat transfer and its biological implications.

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Homework Statement



Explain why skin burns caused by 100 degree C steam are more severe than those caused by 100 degree C water.

Homework Equations



100 degree C water
skin 20 degrees C
4.2 J/g so 200 J

100 degree C steam
2254 J into your arm
vaporize water in cells of your arm

The Attempt at a Solution


the information in 2. or is there anything else that would be good to add?
 
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One wants to explicitly compare the specific enthalphy (J/g) of the steam and water.
 
Besides the latent heat that 100 C steam has, the energy has to get into your skin to damage it. In this context heat gets in primarily from convection. Take a look at film coefficients for condensing steam versus film coefficients for still water.
 

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