When two blocks are connected by a string, pulling one block causes it to transmit force through the string, leading to acceleration. The force exerted by the string on the block is not equal to the force applied by the person, as not all of the applied force is transferred. In physics, the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration is defined by the equation F=ma, which explains why the block accelerates despite equal forces being applied. Additionally, real-world factors like friction can affect the motion, as frictional forces oppose the applied force. Understanding these dynamics clarifies why the block accelerates even when forces seem equal.