Why is kinetic energy conserved in collisions?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the conservation of kinetic energy during collisions, exploring whether kinetic energy is conserved in various types of collisions, including elastic and inelastic collisions, and the implications of Coulomb interactions in these scenarios.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that kinetic energy is conserved during purely elastic collisions, while others argue that kinetic energy is not conserved in general during collisions.
  • One participant points out that the definition of a purely elastic collision is that kinetic energy is conserved, suggesting a tautological nature to the claim.
  • Another participant mentions that inelastic collisions result in kinetic energy not being conserved, as energy is transformed into other forms such as potential and thermal energy.
  • There is a discussion about the equations of motion for charges under Coulomb forces, with some participants suggesting that these equations could lead to a derivation of energy conservation.
  • Some participants challenge the applicability of Noether's theorem to the discussion, particularly in relation to time symmetry and the homogeneity of the system.
  • Concerns are raised about the limitations of using classical mechanics to analyze collisions, particularly regarding the behavior of particles at the quantum level.
  • One participant emphasizes that momentum is conserved while kinetic energy is not, questioning where the kinetic energy goes during inelastic collisions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally disagree on the conditions under which kinetic energy is conserved during collisions, with multiple competing views presented regarding elastic and inelastic collisions, as well as the role of Coulomb interactions.

Contextual Notes

Some participants note that the discussion may not fully account for the complexities of energy transformations during collisions, particularly at the microscopic level, and that classical mechanics may not adequately describe all aspects of collision behavior.

  • #31
talking of KE, i encountered a problem: "when a force of constant magnitude always act perpendicular to the motion of a particle, then KE is constant" - can someone explain this please?
 
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  • #32
The change in kinetic energy expressed with vector quantities is
<br /> \mathrm{d}E=\vec{F}\cdot\mathrm{d}\vec{s}<br />
If the force F and the path ds are perpendicular, then the change in kinetic energy is zero, i.e. the velocity of the particle doesn't change. For example a charge in magnetic field goes in circles, but keeps constant velocity.
 
  • #33
Consider a case where I think it is generally accepted that KE is conserved...gas atoms colliding at "moderate" energies.If the total energy of collision is smaller than the minimum excitation energy then,borrowing a phrase from tiny-tim, "kinetic is the only energy in town"and the collision will be perfectly elastic.At high enough energies,these given by quantum theory, some of the energy of collision can be used for excitation and ionisation, the collisions will not be perfectly elastic and the gas will glow.Since elastic collisions can only happen with microscopic objects where quantum effects can be appreciable then I think it is quantum theory that gives the best answer to the question.
 
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