This is your research project! The article explains the pn junction quite well, and provides a _hint_ for your question in case you have forgotten.
Hint: if the hint given was insufficient for recall, then you can assume that the author has explained it earlier in his lectures ... probably when explaining Fermi levels.
I am new to XPS Data analysis, and I have a .sle file that I got out of XPS Machine Software, and I am using CasaXPS to analyse the data. This software takes only .vms files. I want to convert the .sle to a .vms file for analysis. How or where can I do this? Any help on this will be deeply appreciated.