SUMMARY
The excess charge on the surface of the Earth can be calculated using the formula for electric flux, which relates the electric field to charge. The average vertical electric field at the Earth's surface is 117 N/C. The relevant equation is the electric flux equals the electric field multiplied by the surface area of a sphere (4πr²), which equals the excess charge divided by the permittivity constant (8.85 x 10^-12 F/m). Using these values, one can determine the excess charge on the Earth's surface accurately.
PREREQUISITES
- Understanding of electric fields and their measurements
- Familiarity with the concept of electric flux
- Knowledge of the permittivity constant (8.85 x 10^-12 F/m)
- Basic skills in algebra for manipulating equations
NEXT STEPS
- Research the derivation and applications of Gauss's Law in electrostatics
- Learn about the implications of electric fields in atmospheric science
- Explore the relationship between electric fields and charge distribution
- Investigate the role of lightning in maintaining the Earth's electric field
USEFUL FOR
Students studying physics, particularly those focused on electromagnetism, as well as educators and researchers interested in atmospheric electricity and its effects on the environment.