What is Analytical: Definition and 278 Discussions

Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate, identify, and quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or concentration.
Analytical chemistry consists of classical, wet chemical methods and modern, instrumental methods. Classical qualitative methods use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation. Identification may be based on differences in color, odor, melting point, boiling point, solubility, radioactivity or reactivity. Classical quantitative analysis uses mass or volume changes to quantify amount. Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples using chromatography, electrophoresis or field flow fractionation. Then qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed, often with the same instrument and may use light interaction, heat interaction, electric fields or magnetic fields. Often the same instrument can separate, identify and quantify an analyte.
Analytical chemistry is also focused on improvements in experimental design, chemometrics, and the creation of new measurement tools. Analytical chemistry has broad applications to medicine, science and engineering.

View More On Wikipedia.org
Recent contents Top users
  1. N

    Analytical solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equation

    Dear All, I have following first order nonlinear ordinary differential and i was wondering if you can suggest some method by which either i can get an exact solution or approaximate and converging perturbative solution. \frac{dx}{dt} = 2Wx + 2xy - 4x^{3}\frac{dy}{dt} = \gamma \, (x^{2} -...
  2. L

    Skipping the Analytical Writing part on the GRE.

    I haven't seen it asked on this forum before, so here goes: I am coming up on a third official attempt on the general (computer based) GRE soon. In my first two attempts I have not been able to break 50th percentile on the quant section, which is embarrassing. I have discovered that I do much...
  3. W

    Analytical Chemistry: Calculate the pH.

    Homework Statement Calculate the pH of 5.0 x 10^-8 M HCLO4. What fraction of the total H+ in this solution is derived from dissociation of water? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution The only thing I know to do is take -log(5.0 x 10^-8) .
  4. K

    Analytical solutions for electric field of finite rectangular sheet

    Hi, I have been trying to find analytical solutions for a finite rectangular sheet, say, in the xy plane, with dimensions a and b. Assume it is uniformly charged. An excellent (and short) description of the problem is here. The three integrals for Ex(x,y,z), Ey(x,y,z) and Ez(x,y,z) given on...
  5. M

    Analytical solution of an infinite series

    How to find the value of an infinite series. for e.g.Ʃ_{n=1}^{\infty} (β^{n-1}y^{R^{n}}e^{A(1-R^{2n})}) where β<1, R<1, y>1, and A>0? Note that this series is covergent by Ratio test. I already have the numerical solution of the above. However, I am interested in analytical solution...
  6. G

    Analytical formulation for Beam or Beam

    I want to know the analytical formulation for a beam or bar without crack and with crack subjected to tensile loading through mechanics approach.
  7. S

    Is there an analytical way to get average energy of a Fermi-Dirac gas?

    The average particle energy of a Fermi-Dirac gas, with zero chemical potential, is about 3.15T, where T is the temperture of this gas. To get the average energy, one needs to do an integration. The integrand is something like \frac{x^3}{e^{x/k_BT}+1}. I could get the result numerically. But...
  8. K

    Finding the Area of an Analytical Geometry Shape

    My friend was doing an analytical geometry problem and a shape appeared that I wanted to find the area of with my new knowledge of integrals. I found the area and I'm now working to find an equation for the nth area as the size of the shape changes for all integers. After doing the math I come...
  9. C

    Analytical method of vector addition

    Homework Statement Joe pushes on the handle of a 10 kg lawn spreader. The handle makes a 45° angle with the horizontal. Joe wishes to accelerate the spreader from rest to 1.39 m/s in 1.5s. What force must Joe apply to the handle? Neglect friction. Homework Equations A=Vf-Vi/t. F=ma...
  10. M

    Analytical solution of the Euler equations in 1D?

    Hi. Since these equations are approaching three hundred years old I'm pretty sure someone must have solved them somewhere before. However I have not been able to find any text-books or papers that actually show me how to solve these equations. So I'm wondering if anyone here know where I can...
  11. D

    Analytical equation for Magnetic Levitation

    Hello everyone, So I've stumped uppon some problems during my project. It is not my homework or anything, so I didn't post it there. I've built a magnetic levitation system, which could lift up to 2kg. The problem is, that we cannot regulate the vertical position of the item. But that can...
  12. P

    Analytical Vector methods for a four bar linkage

    Homework Statement In a four bar linkage r0=30mm, r1=10mm, r2=35mm, r3=20mm and theta1=45 degrees. Calculate theta2, theta3, Vc, W2, and W3 assuming that W1=30 rad/s ccw. Homework Equations R1*costheta1 + R2*costheta2 - R3*costheta3 - R0*costheta0 = 0 (3-x) R1*sintheta1 +...
  13. L

    Analytical Bra-Ket Tensor Products: Rules & Wolfram Mathematica

    What are the rules of analytical – not numerical (matrix) entry of bra-ket convertion – operations on bra-ket, in particular – tensor product ? For example – how in analytical form to do this: U|\Psi\rangle where: U=I\otimesI I=|0\rangle\langle0|+|1\rangle\langle1|...
  14. J

    Solving Logarithmic Equations: Analytical Method

    What is the analytical method for solving log. eqs., like x=2^x/14 ? In high school they only teach us the graphical approach =/ joo
  15. jtbell

    Analytical Mechanics by Fowles and Cassiday

    Author: Grant Fowles and George Cassiday Title: Analytical Mechanics Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0534494927/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: Calculus-based intro physics and a year of calculus; differential equations and matrix algebra highly recommended before or concurrently...
  16. marellasunny

    Analytical proofs in mathematical papers

    I am writing my first paper in applied mathematics.I would like to know how important is it to write a analytical proof for the numerical solutions arrived?I always thought these sort of things were left to the 'pure mathematicians' and one didn't need to bother.As a engineer,I was always used...
  17. F

    New Good Books on Calculus and Analytical Geometry

    I have read many threads concerning many excellent books on calculus but not for analytical geometry. I can't seem to find any thread about good references for analytical geometry. I am taking the course analytical geometry and calculus in college and I need good book in both fields. I have...
  18. S

    Analytical solution for thermal stresses in a rectangular plate

    Hello everybody, I am solving a 2D problem of thermal stresses in a rectangular plate in which temperature is changing only y direction. Plate has fixed displacement conditions. Could anyone help me to find out analytical solution of thermal stresses for my problem? Does anyone suggest me...
  19. A

    Analytical Chemistry - Systematic Treatment of Equilibrum

    Homework Statement Calculate the molar solubility of Ag2C2O4 (silver oxalate) in a solution that has a fixed H3O+ concentration of 1.0 x 10^-6 M. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I found the pertinent reactions, the charge balance and the mass balance so far, but I...
  20. H

    Analytical Chemistry- Ksp problem help

    Homework Statement Find the concentration of Pb2+ in 0.0010 M KI with PbI2. Include activity coefficients in your solubility-product expression. The Ksp of PbI2 is 9.8*10^-9 Homework Equations Ksp= [Pb2+]\gammaPb2+[I-]2\gamma2I- Assume that [I-]=0.0010 M. The ionic strength of 0.0010 M Ki...
  21. fluidistic

    Mathematica Evaluating an integral in Mathematica, analytical form

    So I've several huge integrals to solve by hands and I would like to check my result with Mathematica. However I don't really know how to do so. Here is one of the several integrals I must solve: \int \frac{1}{2\pi \sigma _x \sigma _y \sqrt{1-\rho ^2 }} \exp \{ \frac{-1}{2(1-\rho ^2)} \left (...
  22. N

    Using node-voltage analytical technique

    Homework Statement Calculate the voltage at each of the extraordinary nodes (V1 – V3), and the current through each of the six resistors. http://i.imgur.com/VbZQH.png Homework Equations KCL: ƩIn = 0 V=ir I=A^{-1}B \Delta = a11C11 + a12C12 + a13C13 A^{-1} = \frac{adjA}{\Delta}...
  23. I

    Thinking algorithms and how to amplify analytical methods in daily life

    I am an engineering student. I am an average student. I don't think my methods of analysis and thinking are proper. I did take steps to improve my thinking abilities by becoming a left-handed person, solving sudoku and lateral thinking puzzles. I want to be a scientist in my life. But i...
  24. J

    [Need help] User guide for analytical balances Adam AAA

    Someone has an analytical balance Adam AAA please send me its user guide. My balance has a serious error, Any weight displayed in double. I can't re-calibrate it without user guide :( Help me :)
  25. G

    Interesting Analytical Chem Problem

    Hi all, I need to solve this problem for my environmental chemistry class. It is supposed to be a "review" problem of concepts from analytical and gen. chem. but I certainly do not know how to do it. Homework Statement If you work at the wastewater treatment plant, you are exposed to...
  26. T

    Solving System of 2 ODEs: Analytical Solution

    hallo I ams earching analytical solution for system of two ODE in next form x*(dy/dr) - (y*y/r) = constant1*r*r*x*x*x x*(dy/dr)+(x*y/r)=constant2*r*r*x*x*(r*constant3-y) where x(r) and y(r). conditions are x=constant4 at r=constant5 and y=0 at r=constant5 thnx r.
  27. B

    Analytical method to solve a system of ODEs

    Hello All, I am new to this community but by reviwwing the questions and answers posted in this forum I was encouraged to share my question with you and I hope you can help me. I have a system of 4th order ordinary differential equations for several functions which I call them: y_1,y_2...
  28. L

    Playing with Analytical Operators

    Hello! First post, over here, hopefully it'll pique some interest, and awesome answers, but any and all answers are welcome! So, point is, we were given a guest lecture over how to 'jokingly' find answers to specific problems using methods that appear to not be justified; now, after the...
  29. I

    Analytical Mechanics Lectures: Get Help Now

    i need lectures in analytical mechanics, please help
  30. J

    Analytical solution for coupled partial differential equations

    Hello, In my study i came across to solve the analytical solution for coupled equation y(x,t) and z(x,t).The equations contains" f " function which is a function of the first variable exponentially. The first equation is : ∂y/∂t=∂^2(y)/∂x^2- 2*f(y)*z; The second equation ...
  31. V

    Difference between analytical and continuum mechanics?

    What's the difference between analytical and continuum mechanics?
  32. M

    Analytical solution to integro-differential equation

    Hi all, I'm trying to find an analytical solution to the following integro-differential equation: a f'(x)\int_0^x f(x)dx + b f'(x) + a [f(x)]^2 - a f(x) = 0 with initial condition: f(0)=1 This is a simplified problem for which I know the solution: f(x)=1. I'm trying to find...
  33. Z

    Numerical vs analytical methods

    I just started a numerical analysis class and I'm curious: what are the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods? Do we use numerical methods in situations where getting analytical solutions is possible? If so, why? I just want a better understanding of when each method is used in...
  34. W

    Analytical Chemistry UF: Comparing Wavelengths & Frequencies

    Question 20 from our final I just took (Analytical Chemistry UF). "You may recall that the wavelength of the sodium D1 line in vacuum is 589.7558nm. In air it becomes 589.5924nm. What is the difference in frequency for these two wavelengths." I said 0. All the other people did the...
  35. E

    Analytical form of an Interpolated function

    Analytical form of an "Interpolated" function Hallo, I have a question on the use of "Interpolation" function in Mathematica. I am wondering whether it is possible to extract an analytical expression for a function built using the "Interpolation" option. Say, I have the following function...
  36. A

    Calculus, Analytical demonstration

    Homework Statement Demonstrate Analytically: If \lim_{x\to a}f(x)=L and L<0, there exists a δ>0 so that x\inDom(f), 0<|x-a|<δ \Rightarrow f(x)<0 2. The attempt at a solution I start identifying what I want to demonstrate and what are my assumptions. x\inDom(f), 0<|x-a|<δ \Rightarrow f(x)<0 I'm...
  37. F

    Step by step analytical solution of temperature distribution

    Homework Statement Lets say we have a 2D rectangular plate with a point heat source and some boundary conditions. I would like to solve and understand step by step the solution to this second order differential equation. Let's say dimensions of rectangular are a and b. 2 opposite sides are at...
  38. T

    Some questions about Analytical Mechanics

    Hi, I have some questions about some fundamental things of analytical mechanics... The Lagrangian contains all the physical information concerning the system and the forces acting on it. Is that correct? If it is, it only applies to systems where the applied forces are conservative, correct...
  39. M

    Analytical expression for formation energy

    Hey folks, I'm using Molecular Dynamics to calculate the formation energy of an interstitial in FCC metal. Basically what I did is to minimize the perfects structure, and then find the minimized energy of the lattice with [100] dumbbell interstitial, to get the difference in energies. I...
  40. K

    Analytical solution to the diffusion equation with variable diffusivity

    Hi, I'm trying to find an analytical solution (if one exists) to the 1d diffusion equation with variable diffusivity κ(x); \partial_t u(x,t) = \partial_x[\kappa(x) \partial_x u(x,t)] Could someone point me in the right direction to solve this if its possible to do so analytically. I've...
  41. J

    Accuracy of Runge-Kutta method when no analytical solution

    Homework Statement I have to find eigenvalues to \frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + p^2 e^x y = 0,\, y(0)=0,y(1)=0 using the Runge-Kutta single step method to solve the ODE (splitting it up), with step length h and then another numerical method. This is not a problem. However, I need to be able to find...
  42. F

    Analytical Mechanics 6th Ed. by Fowles & Cassiday

    This is the book I used for classical mechanics in College. I'm looking through it again, trying to study and really deeply learn the things I winged in my undergrad years, hopefully to take a GRE and go into graduate school. I'm having some issues with this text. Often, it will use things...
  43. K

    Hello,I have an analytical expression E[itex]_{i}[/itex] that I

    Hello, I have an analytical expression E_{i} that I want to fit it to some data E(Ref)_{i} . I fitted this expression for N-points: I have calculated the value of chi-squared using the following formula: \chi^{2}=\frac{1}{N-1}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\frac{(E_i-E(Ref)_i)^{2}}{σ_{i}^{2}} where...
  44. P

    Analytical expression of the impedance of a CPW ground

    Hi, I am trying to understand the calculation of the characteristic impedance of a CPW ground. I need to get an analytical expression for the impedance. My first step was to read the book: "Coplanar_waveguide_circuits__components__and_systems" Here is what I don't understand: the...
  45. K

    Analytical Mechanics question

    A cannon launches a 10cm diameter cannonball w/ a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s horizontally from the top of a 40m high wall under STP. The cannon has a mas of 40 kg and is free to recoil. a. What is the initial v of the cannonball wrt the ground b.calculate the landing position neglecting air...
  46. P

    Help: analytical of 2nd order PDE

    What method can I use to analytically solve the following 2nd order PDE? u=u(x,t) ∂u/∂t - a*x*∂u/∂x-D*∂^{2}u/∂t^{2} = 0 I.C.: u(x,t=0)=u_i B.C.: u(x=+∞)=0 u(x=-∞)=1 Is self-similar the only way to solve it, or is there any other method can be used to solve it? How to set the...
  47. J

    Hey, so I am just working on a second year Analytical Mechanics

    Hey, so I am just working on a second year Analytical Mechanics assignment, and right now dealing with oscillations. I have two questions I am stumped on and don't know if I have it right. It is probably basic, but just checking. 6. The frequency fd of a damped oscillator is 100 Hz, and the...
  48. S

    Monatomic Linear Chain - Comparison of Numerical and Analytical Results

    Hi all, I'm having a few problems with crystal dynamics of a simple monatomic chain. Taking the dispersion relation: \omega^2 = \frac{4k}{m}\left(\sin^2 \left( \frac{\kappa a}{2}\right)\right) Where k=spring constant, m=mass, \kappa=wavevector, a= lattice constant and \omega=...
  49. Z

    Analytical Chemistry HW: Ca2+ (mg) Estimation w/ 95% Confidence Level

    Homework Statement CaCO3 acts as an antacid for temporary relief of heartburn/acid-reflux. Free calcium ions in solution can be analyzed gravimetrically after acid digestion and precipitation with oxalate in basic solution to form an insoluble calcium oxalate monohydrate salt that can be...
  50. Telemachus

    Analyzing Analyticity of Complex Function

    Hi there. I have to study the analyticity for the complex function: f(z)=\frac{y-ix}{x^2+y^2} The exercise suggest me to use polar coordinates. So, I do this kind of exercise using a theorem that says that if the function acomplishes the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, and the partial...
Back
Top