What is Commutation: Definition and 220 Discussions

In law, a commutation is the substitution of a lesser penalty for that given after a conviction for a crime. The penalty can be lessened in severity, in duration, or both. Unlike most pardons by government and overturning by the court (a full overturning is equal to an acquittal), a commutation does not affect the status of a defendant's underlying criminal conviction.
Although the concept of commutation may be used to broadly describe the substitution of a lesser criminal penalty for the original sentence, some jurisdictions have historically used the term only for the substitution of a sentence of a different character than was originally imposed by the court. For example, the substitution of a sentence of parole for the original sentence of incarceration. A jurisdiction that uses that definition of commutation would use another term, such as a remission, to describe a reduction of a penalty that does not change its character.A commutation does not reverse a conviction and the recipient of a commutation remains guilty in accordance with the original conviction. For example, someone convicted of capital murder may have their sentence of death commuted to life imprisonment, a lessening of the punishment that does not affect the underlying criminal conviction, as may occur on a discretionary basis or following upon a change in the law or judicial ruling that limits or eliminates the death penalty.In some jurisdictions a commutation of sentence may be conditional, meaning that the convicted person may be required to abide by specified conditions or may lose the benefit of the commutation. The conditions must be lawful and reasonable, and will typically expire when the convicted completes any remaining portion of his or her sentence. For example, the pardon may be conditioned upon the person's being a law-abiding citizen, such that if the beneficiary of the commutation commits a new crime before the condition expires the original sentence may be restored.

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  1. A

    What is the significance of commutative operators in quantum mechanics?

    What do we mean by the two operators are commutative or non commutative? I wanted to understand the physical significance of the commutative property of the operators. We are doing the introduction to quantum mechanics and there are many things that are really confusing. Any help will be...
  2. E

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  3. H

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  4. C

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  5. E

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  6. M

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  7. C

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  8. D

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  9. S

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  10. T

    Directional Derivatives and Commutation

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  11. G

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  12. C

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  13. P

    Verify the commutation relations for x and p by definition.

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  14. R

    What is ↔ mean? in commutation relation?

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  15. tomwilliam2

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  16. D

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  17. S

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  18. A

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  19. R

    Operators Commutation: Explaining P(x), L(y)

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  20. C

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  21. J

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  22. P

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  23. P

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  24. M

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  25. mnb96

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  26. M

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  27. S

    Significance of commutation of operators? position and momentum

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  28. S

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  29. shahbaznihal

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  30. S

    Is the delta in the commutation relations of QFT a dirac delta or a kronecker?

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  31. E

    Transition from Poisson bracket into Canonical Commutation Relations

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  32. B

    Quantum and Commutation - Help me start

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  33. K

    Engineering Commutation process in RLC circuit

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  34. S

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  35. O

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  36. H

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  37. F

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  38. J

    Observables and Commutation (newbie questions?)

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  39. A

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  40. X

    Quantum Mechanics: Uncertainty and Commutation relation

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  41. D

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  42. S

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  43. B

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  44. K

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  45. B

    Show that the operators J(+)-hat and J(-)-hat satisfy the following commutation

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  46. B

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  47. A

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  48. K

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  49. J

    Canonical Commutation Relations: Why?

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  50. 0

    A paradox in commutation relation

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