What is Electromagnetic: Definition and 1000 Discussions
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force is carried by electromagnetic fields composed of electric fields and magnetic fields, and it is responsible for electromagnetic radiation such as light. It is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature, together with the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation. At high energy, the weak force and electromagnetic force are unified as a single electroweak force.
Electromagnetic phenomena are defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life. The electromagnetic attraction between atomic nuclei and their orbital electrons holds atoms together. Electromagnetic forces are responsible for the chemical bonds between atoms which create molecules, and intermolecular forces. The electromagnetic force governs all chemical processes, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms. Electromagnetism is very widely used in modern technology, and electromagnetic theory is the basis of electric power engineering and electronics including digital technology.
There are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field. Most prominently, Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.
The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, particularly the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the "medium" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905.
Let me preface this by saying I have no background in physics or any of the above other than hours and hours of reading.
Could someone explain why (if a method was developed) we couldn't use EFA as a thrust system for a rocket? My reasoning is instead of using fuel to fight gravity and push...
Hello! This is probably a silly question (I am sure I am missing something basic), but I am not sure I understand how a Hamiltonian can be a scalar and allow transitions between states with different angular momentum at the same time. Electromagnetic induced transitions are usually represented...
Does the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic radiation remain perpendicular in the presence of an intense gravity field? If not, what is the physical ramifications of this?
I am trying to answer exercise 5 but I am not sure I understand what the hint is implying, differentiate with respect to ##p_\alpha## and ##p_\beta##, I have done this but nothing is clicking. Also, what is the relevance of the hint "the constraint ##p^\alpha p_\alpha = m^2c^2## can be ignored...
When the ##\psi(2s)## particle decays also the following two transitions are observed
$$\psi(2S) \rightarrow \gamma + \eta({1}^S_0)$$
$$\psi(2S) \rightarrow \gamma + \chi_{c0}({3}^P_0)$$
The branching fraction for the first decay is about ##3.4*10^{-3}## while it's ##9.7*10^{-2}## for the...
I've attached my attempt at a solution below, I thought integrating it would be the best way to go but I'm just getting so confused and could use some help. This isn't my first attempt at a solution either I've been working on this for just under two hours now.
I am interested in showing a visualization of water molecules in a time-varying electric/magnetic field as part of my PhD work.
I would like something like this visualization:
, but with an external time-varying field applied.
At first, I thought of simply animating water molecules...
Hello to all,
In a short pulse laser emission setup, can a pulse be emmited with beam length shorter than one wavelenght? (can a pulse have a duration shorter than its period?)
Lets say a laser emmiter shoots a quarter cycle pulse, what would happen to this short beam?
(lets supose the...
Would you be able to transfer a "current" through rings of conductive and paramagnetic material? As in, have a current, which causes a magnetic field to pop up in the ring, which fluxes, and causes the next ring to have a current? I am curious because this is a research project for FLL. (There...
What does a measure of 2000 µW/m² electromagnetic radiation by "Hf35c Rf Analyze (800mhz – 2.5 Ghz)" radiation meter mean? Is it too high?
see this link: https://www.electrahealth.com/hf35c-radio-frequency-meter.html
it shows that “1000 or more µW/m²” in the meter is “Extreme Concern”, does it...
Hello, I'm trying to make an electromagnetic shaker but I'm not sure if this is possible? Basically I want to wrap an iron core with a solenoid and use AC to shake a magnet at some distance away. I'm not certain on the approach at the moment but I'm kind of looking at the feasibility at the moment.
I'm wondering if plants are sensitive to electromagnetic (EM) waves? Of course I'm not speaking of light but in the low frequency domain, say from 0 Hz to 100 kHz? I looked up the web but couldn't find anything, only experiments with EM waves above the range of 300 Mhz. Has there been any...
I have an infinite sheet (in lossless, homogeneous medium) of time-harmonic current in ##yz##-plane at ##x=−d##. The current density on this sheet is given by
$$\mathbf{J}=\hat{z}J_0\delta(x+d)$$
##δ(x+d)## is delta function. Moreover, there is a perfect electric conductor (PEC) half space at...
We're trying to prove this:
There exists 3 distinct regions: Region 1 has index of refraction 1 and lies before light hits the coating. For simplicity, define the position of the interface between the air and the coating z=0. The second region is the coating, which has index of refraction √n. At...
As a prior physics major (had to stop at my 3rd year of undergrad due to children and financial difficulties), there was something I was always extremely passionate about - finding feasible ways to travel faster than light. Obviously, the only feasible way seems to be to bend space-time, but I...
I found equion ##T^{\mu\nu} = \frac{1}{\mu_0} \left[ F^{\mu \alpha}F^\nu{}_{\alpha} - \frac{1}{4} \eta^{\mu\nu}F_{\alpha\beta} F^{\alpha\beta}\right] \,.## from wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_stress–energy_tensor .
it's (0,0) component should be electromagnetic...
In David Tong's QFT notes (see http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/qft/qft.pdf , page 131, Eq. 6.38) the expression for canonical momentum ##\pi^0## is given by ##\pi^0=-\partial_\rho A^\rho## while my calculation gives ##\pi^\rho=-\partial_0 A^\rho## so that ##\pi^0=-\partial_0 A^0##. Is it...
Homework Statement: The rod is moving on a second rod with speed of v in the magnetic field perpendicular to rod. I know its resistance per meter. I am expected to omit megnetic field created by the current and resistance at the point where rods touch each other and calculate current. I...
I want to simulate 2D TM scattered fields (microwave range) for austria profile. Austria profile has 2 circles beside each other of certain dielectric and one ring below the circles. So basically I have three dielectric objects in the domain of interest and also positions of Tx and Rx are known...
Homework Statement: A radio station on the surface of the Earth radiates a sinusoidal wave with an average total power of 50 kw. Assuming that the transmitter radiates equally in all the directions above the ground, at a distance of 100 km from the antenna (ε0 = 8.85 10-12 C2N-1m-2)
Homework...
What are the best resources (books/lectures/articles) to learn Classical Electromagnetic Scattering (forward and inverse modelling)? I am an Electrical Engineer so I would prefer some resource which is from an applied perspective. My specific research topic is related to modeling and analyze 2D...
When an object is hot its particles are moving faster than when is cold, right?
I've searched that particles are electrons and protons, so it means that if we warm a object the electrons will be moving or even accelerating. Every charge accelerated creates Electromagnetic Waves (or light)...
Electromagnetic waves are oscillations of the electrical/magnetic field which propogate through space. So one might predict that the presence of a magnet/charged particle would effect their propogation somehow, like distortion or interference (eg, light might get refracted in a magnetic field or...
I am studying a beginner's book on QFT.
In a chapter on electromagnetic form factors, the authors have written, using normalized states,
$$\begin{eqnarray}
\langle \vec{p'}, s'| j_\mu (x) |\vec{p}, s \rangle \ = \ \exp(-i \ q \cdot x) \langle \vec{p'}, s'| j_\mu (0) |\vec{p}, s \rangle...
Summary: Does a static magnetic field affect a weaker pulsed magnetic field close by?
If you have a static magnet close to a low level pulsed electromagnetic field, will the static magnetic field influence the pulsed field if the static magnetic field is the same strength or stronger than the...
Summary: Mathematical and Physical queries in regards to Electromagnetic Fields and their manipulation of Space-Time.
I recently started looking into Einstein's Field Equations, to get a better understanding of how mass distorts and curves the plane of Space-Time, however from doing this I...
Light is said to consist of photons or electromagnetic waves.
I'm not asking which view is correct, what conditions make one
view or the other more useful, or advantages and disadvantages
of each view. I am assuming the two views are compatible to
the extent that the wave character of light can...
I am trying to find the correct formula for the electromagnetic stress energy tensor with the sign convention of (-, +, +, +).
Is it (from Ben Cromwell at Fullerton College):
$$T^{\mu \nu} = \frac{1}{\mu_0}(F^{\mu \alpha}F^{\nu}{}_{\alpha} - \frac{1}{4}g^{\mu\nu}F_{\alpha\beta}F^{\alpha...
I am searching information about the interplanetary magnetic field,e.g, what is its strength? Does it vary with time? (I guess so) Are there statistical model to predict its variation in space and time? ...
At the moment I have not a specific question in my mind, but I am looking for some...
Basically as the title says.
I'm interested in the naturally occurring EM waves, and I would like to know the strongest EM waves out there. I'm not talking about "strong" as in energy per photon that is proportional to the frequency, but about the overall energy transported by the wave that is...
Alright the attached picture has the two physical layouts I'm considering for the chuck, however I'll admit that looking at the math involved to determine the construction of the individual magnets and a knowledge gap in how best to manipulate the construction of such a thing to have the...
Hi, I wonder why with electromagnetic radiation, there's some radiation that penetrates with Earth atmosphere such as visible light, while other can't like gamma radiation. What does the penetration of any em radiation on any object depends on
Homework Statement
I am trying to reproduce MTW's ADM version of the field Lagrangian for a source free electromagnetic field:
##4π\mathcal {L} = -\mathcal {E}^i∂A_i/∂t - ∅\mathcal {E}^i{}_{,i} - \frac{1}{2}Nγ^{-\frac{1}{2}}g_{ij}(\mathcal {E}^i\mathcal {E}^i + \mathcal {B}^i\mathcal {B}^i) +...
The energy density of an electromagnetic field with a linear dielectric is often expressed as . It is also known that energy can be found by . Using the latter, the energy density is found to be , as is well known. If you integrate the latter only over free charge and ignore bound charge, you...
at a point they become plain waves, how much will they be attenuated when 'received' by a spiral log periodic antenna Vs another dipole? Would an H field created by a loop antenna have less attenuation?
I assume this forum to be the appropriate one, since the real problem is about covariance rather than electromagnetism.
In electrodynamics in a curved background, the relation ##F^{\mu \nu} = A^{\mu , \nu} - A^{\mu , \nu}## stays in terms of ordinary derivatives. So, in particular ##F_{,\mu...
Is there a difference between the meaning of charge conjugation in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and its meaning in Quantum Field Theory?
In chapter 4.7.5 of "Thomson Modern Particle Physics" the charge conjugation operator is derived without changing the electromagnetic field Aμ. This...
Homework Statement
I have been stuck on this for weeks
Homework Equations
∫E.dl = -dφ/dt
The Attempt at a Solution
Total EMF (V) = -dφ/dt (Where φ is the magnetic flux through the loop)
⇒V = -A(dB/dt) (Since Area remains constant)
⇒V = -Ax (x=dB/dt)
⇒V = -2xl^2
I do not know how to proceed.