What is Fuel: Definition and 579 Discussions

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion).
The heat energy released by reactions of fuels is converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine. Other times the heat itself is valued for warmth, cooking, or industrial processes, as well as the illumination that comes with combustion. Fuels are also used in the cells of organisms in a process known as cellular respiration, where organic molecules are oxidized to release usable energy. Hydrocarbons and related oxygen-containing molecules are by far the most common source of fuel used by humans, but other substances, including radioactive metals, are also utilized.
Fuels are contrasted with other substances or devices storing potential energy, such as those that directly release electrical energy (such as batteries and capacitors) or mechanical energy (such as flywheels, springs, compressed air, or water in a reservoir).

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  1. A

    What Is the Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio for a Dual Fuel IC Engine?

    Homework Statement a mixture of 0.64 x 100 percent iso-octane and {1-0.64} x 100 percent methanol, based on volume, is mixed with air and combusted. Calculate the stoichiometric air fuel ratio. Note: please not this is mixing on a molar basis, not mass basis. It is necessary to perform a...
  2. djeitnstine

    Preventing Jet Fuel Contamination: Helpful Tips and Resources

    Hi guys, are any of you familiar with jet fuel contamination? I'm doing a research paper on ways to reduce or prevent it. Any input and or links would be appreciated. Thanks in advanced
  3. E

    Impact of Temperature on Fuel Cell Work Output

    Homework Statement 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l) K = 1.28e83 As temperature increases, does the maximum amount of work obtained from the fuel cell reaction increase, decrease, or remain the same? Homework Equations 1. G = -RTln(K) 2. dG = dH - tdS 3. w_max = dG The Attempt...
  4. F

    High Temperature Reactor Fuel Elements

    Folks, this is my first thread in this forum. I'm writing my PhD about HTR-Fuel Elements. I'm not quite sure if anyone in this forum knows about this sort of fuel which is totally different to "normal" fuel. Anyway, I'm looking for informations about research in the US (or global) what...
  5. B

    Can Radio Waves Turn Salt Water into Fuel?

    Here's the link: http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2007-11/turning-water-fuel I find the idea interesting that the radio waves may assist in breaking the oxygen-hydrogen bonds of the water molecule. But, why should this effect only exist with salt water and not pure water? Salt water is...
  6. S

    Question: Fuel Cell Thermodynamic Equations

    I'm an undergrad working on fuel cells for a project and I have been using a book to aid me. There are several equations in the book that were not explained properly so I was hoping someone on this forum could help identify how they were derived. The first 2 is related to the pressure within...
  7. L

    Switching to Hydrogen Fuel: Materials & Lubricants Needed

    Hi, any idea , what is the material inside a internal combustion engine need to be change when i change the gasoline fuel into hydrogen fuel.? Also what is the lubricant that will suitable for this hydrogen fuel. thanks Piston top - what is the suitable material Cylinder head-...
  8. C

    Is it safe to drink ethanol fuel?

    What would happen if you tried? I mean, I assume by default and in reasonable quantities you can, since grain alcohol is basically just ethanol, right? But do they put any additives in the stuff used for fuel, say? (Let us of course assume this is not ethanol/gasoline mix.) (This somewhat...
  9. S

    Rocketship problem- fuel burn and gravity

    Consider a spaceship, initially at rest on the surface of a planet that has no atmosphere. It takes off with constant force from thrust. The fuel mass decreases linearly with time, and the rocket accelerates directly away from the planet (no curving off orbit the planet). Use GMm/r^2 for...
  10. B

    Fuel may be designated by the chemical formula C51 H105 S2 (OH)3

    Homework Statement A fuel may be deignated by the chemical formula C51 H105 S2 (OH)3 Write out the balance equation for complete combustion of this fuel. Homework Equations Cx Hy Oz Sn [(x) + (y/4)] o2 > xCo2 + (y/2) H2o The Attempt at a Solution The problem is that I...
  11. S

    Rocket fuel consumption too easy?

    Homework Statement Rocket with fuel mass of m(initial) Rocket without fuel is m(final) Time for fuel to be used up is t(final) Homework Equations What is m(t) (slope of m vs t graph) (i assume t(initial) is zero The Attempt at a Solution [((m(final) -m(initial)) / t(final)]t +...
  12. D

    Help with robotic arm - fuel robot

    Hi, I have a college project running for which I have to design an automatic car refuelling cell. This includes automatic robot positioning, automatic payment, assisted car alignment et cetera. I like to stress that neither I nor my fellow students are mechanical or electrical engineers...
  13. G

    Magnetic Fuel Saver: Tested & Discovered During WWII

    Not sure if this has ben done before; I purchased one of these recently http://www.ecomagnets.com/thermoflow.htm It's basically a magnet that you strap to the fuel line of you're boiler. Claims that it increases fuel efficiency etc etc. It also claims it was discovered during WWII, to...
  14. T

    The expelling of fuel from a rocket (Momentum)

    Homework Statement A 4.00kg model rocket is launched, expelling 63.0g of burned fuel from its exhaust at a speed of 565m/s. What is the velocity of the rocket after the fuel has burned. Hint: Ignore the external forces of gravity and air resistance. Homework Equations Conservation of...
  15. mtworkowski@o

    Exploring Fuel Cell Technology for Improved Energy Efficiency in Automobiles

    I've heard about the units that run on DC and extract O and H from water. The gases are then used on automobles to increase fuel mileage. I'd like to hear the thoughts on energe in and energy out. Also, as hybrids store energy for a finite number of power demands, can these fuel cells do a...
  16. Topher925

    Why are heat pipes not used in PEM fuel cells?

    Just curious as to why you don't find heat pipes or any passive cooling in larger PEM type fuel cells. I have seen them used in methanol fuel cells but not FCs for hydrogen. Is there a good reason for this? Is it because the power density of fuel cells is typically higher than that in many...
  17. P

    Fuel consumption,throttle position, engine speed

    hey dudes whats been puzzling me is what determines fuel consumption in a cars engine. i suppose i can reduce my question to this what determines how much feul is injected into the cylinder in anyone stroke? scenario 1: if I'm towing a heavy trailer uphill, in say 4th gear [manual...
  18. M

    Matter-antimatter ship in GR clock paradox - fuel consumption

    hi, recall the familiar round trip - it's more or less the same as in this arXiv article (http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/physics/pdf/0604/0604025v3.pdf) - round trip with acceleration g. me and my friends were wondering the following: imagine that the passenger abroad the rocket travels for 4...
  19. wolram

    Aircraft Crash at London Airport: Ice in Fuel or Cop Out?

    Heard on the radio that the aircraft that crash landed at London airport crashed because of ice in the fuel (or that is the best guess) surly this is a cop out.
  20. B

    Chemicals for rocket fuel and superchemicals?

    I want to get a little into rocketry and i want to know what are the best chemical mixes for solid and liquid state rockets? also i wanted to know if there are such things as super chemicals. I am not sure if i made that up or not or it just a different word but, what i mean are chemicals that...
  21. Topher925

    PEM fuel cells, why the membrane?

    For those of you that arent very familiar with PEM fuel cells, their shortcomings basically revolve around the carbon/platinum membrane and is essentially the "heart" of the fuel cell. But why does a fuel cell need a membrane to function? If you think about it, just about all energy conversion...
  22. L

    What is the rate of fission events in the reactor core?

    In this problem, we're going get a rough estimate the amount of uranium fuel it would take if the US received all its electrical power from nuclear power plants. The size of a power plant in normally given as the about of electrical power it can produce when running a full capacity. This...
  23. L

    What are the expansion coefficients of diesel fuel?

    Does anyone have the linear or cubical expansion coefficients of diesel fuel/kerosene?
  24. W

    Solution Pressure of Nitrogen Gas In Diesel Fuel

    I have an application where I am bubbling N2 into diesel at the bottom of a storage tank to register the head pressure. I want to calculate at what depth (head pressure) the nitrogen gas would go into solution instead of creating a bubble at the bottom of the tank. Could you explain or...
  25. T

    Using Water as Fuel in Automobiles

    What about using water as fuel in Automobiles, recently I've seen in local TV channel of our country, Genepax Co Ltd of Japan built a new car that uses water as fuel. The system produces Hydrogen from water. For more detail, I used this link, [crackpot link deleted] Welcome for More...
  26. D

    NCl3 (Nitrogen-TriChloride), a new fuel?

    I work at a Pool store where I have many chemicals laying around me. One day I got bored and started toying with the idea of what can I make out of these chemicals. So concluded, here is my Equation: NH3 + 3 HOCl = NCl3 + 3 H2O Simplified: (1 part Ammonia) + (3 parts Hypochlorous...
  27. B

    Fuel cells:electricity or hydrogen powered

    The new Honda fuel cell car is out and I am confused. There are now gas cars, electric cars, hybrids, and now hydrogen-to-electricity(fuel cell) cars. I always thought that fuel cell tech was basically filters that produced combustible H from H2O, and after combustion rejoined the combustion...
  28. D

    Air fuel Mix Ambient psi vs. compressed energy ouput

    Internal combustion engines, Ram Jet, Turban engines etc. require that the air fuel mix be compressed. Is the compression of the air fuel mixture required to give a higher or more efficient energy output? Otherwise if the air fuel mix were at a static or ambient pressure vs. compressed would the...
  29. N

    Fuel Cell Engineering: Pursue Education or Job After Physics Major?

    I have just finished my sophomore year at Columbia University with a major in physics. I chose Columbia College instead of the engineering school due to the better reputation/ranking and I was not sure whether to go into physics or engineering. However, after two years of courses, I am very...
  30. wolram

    Fuel Saving Thread: Motoring Tips & Tricks

    Motoring. With fuel prices so high it seems a good idea to try every way we can to save fuel, Are there any TESTED methods that save fuel, any gizmos that actually work? Take for granted that your vehicle is in top running order, engine tuned, brakes running free, tyres at correct pressure etc.
  31. brewnog

    I just paid £70 to fill the car with fuel.

    Yep, £70. For you yanks that's about $140. And it's only a moderate saloon car. Grrrrrr. Time to start shopping for biodiesel.
  32. I

    Rocket Fuel Consumption: Calculation of 80kN Takeoff Rate

    The weight of a rocket is 80kN at the instant it takes off , and the products of the combusion are ejected at a velocity of 0.60 kms-1 relative to the rocket. Calculate the rate at which the rocket must be consuming fuel in order to take off vertically. Ans: 134kgs-1 Cant find a solution...
  33. V

    MOX Fuel Usage in 3rd Gen Reactors: Questions & Comments

    I have again a question: In the new 3rd generation reactors, I thought that one could run entirely on MOXed fuel. On the other hand, I read somewhere that an EPR reactor can only be filled for about 50% with MOXed fuel. Any comments ? And if the second thing is true, is there a...
  34. V

    Compression Ignition Engines: Converting kmol/kmol to kmol/kg Fuel

    Hey guys, Just trying to understand this piece of information I have been given. It is for a compression ignition engine. I can see where they get the 115.954 kmol/kmol fuel and 120.204 kmol/kmol fuel from but don't understand how to change the units 0.7027 kmol/kg fuel and 0.7285 kmol/kg...
  35. S

    Designing a Fuel Rail: Key Considerations for Optimal Performance and Efficiency

    Hai, I want to know to the basic criteria to be noted while designing the fuel rail. Is there any special recommendations or standard for designing a fuel rail.
  36. E

    Fuel injectors for gas turbine

    I am looking to find information on fuel injector vanes that can be used for fuel injection into a gas turbine. I am at the moment designing one that will be integrated into the gas turbine. However i am struggling because i need to know if there is a formula for particle spread I have a formula...
  37. V

    Thickness of oxidation layer on fuel elements.

    I have a question: it is generally stated that 100 micrometers is the acceptable limit on the thickness of the oxidation layer on Zircaloy4 fuel rods. But I'm at loss as what is the reason for this limit ? Is it structural integrity ? Thermal resistance ? Mechanical tolerance ?
  38. mheslep

    Biofuel steps into the Jet fuel market

    Showman Sir R. Branson put on another display that highlighted some technical and business advances on the use of biofuel instead of the traditional kerosene source for jet fuel. Branson's Virgin Airways flew a 747 Sunday from London to Amsterdam w/ one of the four engines using a...
  39. E

    Operating temperature of Fuel Cells

    What does the operating temperature of a fuel cell mean? Is this the temperature the cell generates or the temperature the cell is brought to so that it can operate? I see articles that state operating temperatures for different fuel cell systems---i.e. solid oxide 600 to 1000 C, phosphoric acid...
  40. F

    Compressibility of Diesel fuel

    Could anybody advise the compressibility of Diesel fuel at 10 degrees Celsius? Thanks Filippo
  41. Loren Booda

    Will Fuel Burn Up Upon Re-Entry?

    Aside from combustion (oxidation?) of the noxious fuel from the exploded spy satellite, will most of the remaining fuel eventually burn up due to friction with the atmosphere, or will it fall unaltered as precipitation?
  42. U

    Hydrogen as an additive to diesel fuel?

    Let me start off by saying that I understand conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics. I know you can't use water for fuel, and you can't power a vehicle soley on hydrogen produced by an onboard electrolyzer. But... I have read quite a few claims that using an onboard...
  43. Ivan Seeking

    Exploring Microalgae as Solutions to Global Fuel Issues

    It may be valuable to consider microalgae as a potential solution to a number of problems; not the least of which being the energy problem. Algae can be used to produce biodiesel, ethanol, and hydrogen, as options to the use of petroleum based fuels...
  44. Greg Bernhardt

    Why aren't hydrogen fuel cell cars more popular than conventional batteries?

    Enuma's thread got me thinking why these isn't more buzz for the hydrogen cars like the Honda FCX, GM Sequel, Nissan Frontier, BMW 7...
  45. W

    Is this hydrogen fuel technology possible?

    When hydrogen combusts it is turned into h20. H20 can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. NASA has been using solar panels power hydrogen generators in space for this purpose. Say you had a vehicle that carried a water tank, a hydrogen generator a solar panel a battery and a hydrogen...
  46. B

    HTR fuel irradiation experiments at IVV-2M, HFR, R2, AVR and Dragon reactors

    I understand the sensitivity and confidentiality of some of this data. Its so difficult to archive or access data for this experiments (coated particle and pebble irradiations at material testing reactors: IVV-2M, R2, HFR, AVR, Dragon etc.) as well as the current irradiation programs...
  47. A

    Gasoline engine modification - ethanol fuel

    Hi guys, Im doing a group project on a conversion of a small motorcycle engine(suzuki dr125s) so that it can run on ethanol(have not decide on what proportion, maybe going to run it at 85% or more). The modifications and the reasons behind it : 1) Cleaning/changing the fuel...
  48. S

    Maximum Useful Work from a Fuel Cell

    What is the maximum useful work which can be obtained from a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that produces 1.96 kg of water at 25°C? How do we approach this problem? I guess -Ecell x charge = w?
  49. K

    Energy content of automobile fuel

    1 litre of petrol contain about 8.79 KWHr (30023 BTU) of energy. A car wieghs about 1500Kg is able to run for about 10000 meters by burning 1 litre of petorl. For moving 1500 Kgs for 10000 meters the energy required is 150 Megajoules which is equal to 41.67 KWHr. How this is possible? Am I...
  50. H

    Can 8th graders make hydrogen fuel from water?

    I was given a task for homework. I am in 8th grade and please could you tell me how you separate hydrogen from h2o and make hydrogen fuel. thanks
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