What is Fuel: Definition and 579 Discussions

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion).
The heat energy released by reactions of fuels is converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine. Other times the heat itself is valued for warmth, cooking, or industrial processes, as well as the illumination that comes with combustion. Fuels are also used in the cells of organisms in a process known as cellular respiration, where organic molecules are oxidized to release usable energy. Hydrocarbons and related oxygen-containing molecules are by far the most common source of fuel used by humans, but other substances, including radioactive metals, are also utilized.
Fuels are contrasted with other substances or devices storing potential energy, such as those that directly release electrical energy (such as batteries and capacitors) or mechanical energy (such as flywheels, springs, compressed air, or water in a reservoir).

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  1. T

    Fuel with Static Air in a Jet engine

    Good evening, Today's planes' need bleed air to start. Above a certain speed, igniters fire up and we inject fuel inside the combustor chamber. Why do we need to have the engine running to inject fuel (around 20%N2)? Can we simply not inject fuel with static air (i.e. when engine is not...
  2. mastermechanic

    Fuel consumption of a Porsche

    I was looking at the technical specs of Porsche 911. It has 427 kW power and 7.5 liters/100 km fuel consumption on highway. I made a quick calculation but I got strange result. Please tell me why ; First I assumed that the car has 90 km/h constant speed on highway so it will take 1.11 hours to...
  3. anorlunda

    Residential Fuel Cells: Japan vs US/EU

    For several years, I've been seeing mention of growing number of residential fuel cells in Japan. But in the USA and the EU, hardly a mention. Does anyone know why the puzzling discrepancy? The American company Plug Power has been pushing fuel cells since 1997, but their penetration seems...
  4. D

    Calculating Temp. in a Heated Vessel: A Problem for Dave

    Hi there, I have a problem that I cannot find a solution too. In this problem I have a fuel (approximately natural gas) supply which is combusted when mixed with air inside a burner. The flame that is then generated is used to heat up a sealed cylindrical vessel (the flame is on the outside of...
  5. vansrv8

    I Energy contained in fuel in speed of light ship

    Hi, Simple question. if a ship is getting close to the speed of light its momentum (mass) will continue to increase requiring more energy to propel faster. The fuel in the ship will also gain energy and mass as it accelerates. at C it will require infinite energy because it will have infinite...
  6. Debaa

    B Antimatter Fuel: Will Future Space Travel Rely on It?

    Will we be able to harness antimatter so precisely that we use it as fuel in the future? I mean this would mean a great deal in space travel! Thoughts?
  7. S

    Automotive Air fuel ratio effects in diesel vs. petrol engines

    I'm a mechanic who is currently doing a study automotive engineering. Being someone who worked on both diesel and petrol cars I know what a higher or lower air fuel ratio (AFR) will do for both engines. However I don't fully understand how the following is possible. "Adding fuel in a diesel...
  8. Goldberg

    Calculating Mass Percent in UO2 Nuclear Fuel

    Homework Statement Hello guys, I was using mcnp code SERPENT, and while defining materials i encountered a problem. The problem is that for example: if I'm given that i have a 3.5 percent enriched U-235. how do i find the rest of the mass percents of U-234, U-238, O2. Now since i know mass...
  9. Delta Force

    Using Fuel Ponds to Produce Power?

    Spent fuel ponds are typically kept below 50 °C (120 °F), which is below the minimum required by low temperature geothermal power systems of under 200 °C, around the mid-100s °F. However, that temperature is maintained with water constantly circulating through the fuel pond. Could spent fuel...
  10. J

    Need help calculating fuel flow rate

    I am working on something that I could use some help with. I have a flow sheet for some fuel injectors that gives fuel quantity through the injector with a set pressure and activation time for 4 different points with different activation times and pressures. I need to come up with a formula to...
  11. D

    Why Does My Car's Fuel Gauge Show False Readings on Hills?

    hello i am new here. I am facing a problem in fuel gauge that when i drive for a long time on hills it start to show false value. I decided to solve this problem i have a gyro and known resistance from fuel tank of my car and now i want to have true value all the time please help me with it or...
  12. Thermo

    Fuel cell voltage end efficiency

    I know theoretically fuel cell efficiency decreases as temperature increases. But in practice it is vice versa. What is the reason of that? I couldn't find enough sources. Any kind of help is much appreciated.
  13. P

    Neutron flux in coolant and fuel pin in PWR

    In PWR, fast neutron produced from fission in fuel has been moderated into thermal neutron by the a series of collisiion with coolant,i.e. H2O. So the multi-group neutron flux in coolant and fuel pin has much diffenrce, e.g. the relative higher fast neutron in fuel pin and relative higher...
  14. S

    Simulink model of a hybrid vehicle (replace battery with fuel cell)

    greetings, here I found a Simulink model on mathswork, I want to replace the battery with a fuel cell, so I'm stuck at the level of the energy management block. here is the link of the model: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28441-hybrid-electric-vehicle-model-in-simulink...
  15. I

    Concentrating diesel fuel and or wood into liquid fuel?

    I was looking at btu numbers for common fuels and noticed 1 barrel of crude oil (42 gallons) contains 5,800,000 btu's with diesel fuel containing 139,000 btu's per gallon would it be possible to concentrate 42 gallons of diesel fuel to get more btu's per gallon? Also the wood into liquid fuel...
  16. Sawdust7

    Surface speed of atmosphere and jet fuel

    The surface of the Earth is moving approx. 1000 miles per hour at the equator. Which means, excluding natural wind and especially hurricanes, the air is also moving about 1000 miles per hour along with the surface, or the central areas of the Earth would be stripped of just about...
  17. P

    Gap Conduction in Nuclear Fuel rod Performance Codes

    Hi, everyone! I'm doing a research in gap conduction calculation models in popular nuclear fuel performance codes. I want to make a sensitive analysis in their behaviors, but unfortunately, I just have access to FRAPCON package. is there anyone who can help me to gather some of the codes...
  18. I

    Why are accelerating cars less fuel efficient?

    What is it about acceleration that makes it less fuel efficient?
  19. P

    Hydrogen fuel cells in small applications

    Hello internet! Please excuse any silly questions as I am not (obviously) a professionally educated physicist (yet!). I was doing a school project on alternative energy sources and became rather interested in hydrogen fuel cells, specifically to replace batteries in small scale, high energy...
  20. D

    Alternative RTG Fuel: Exploring Pb210, Pu241, Ac227, Cm242, and Pm147

    I heard that Pu238 has limited production capacity. Apart from those widely discussed, I would be curious as of why these are rarely brought up: Pb210 is essentially Po210 with a longer half-life, which is more suitable for medium lifespan missions. How much Pb210 can be collected from a lead...
  21. wolram

    Turning carbon dioxide into fuel

    I am no chemist but i found this article interesting, is it viable and suited to mass production https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825113217.htm Date: August 25, 2016 Source: University of Toronto Summary: Every year, humans advance climate change and global warming by injecting...
  22. H

    Convert Water to Fuel: Get Started Here!

    hello guys, how to convert the water into a fuel
  23. sehrish shakir

    Pressure drop in fuel assemblies

    Hello! I am studying the mentioned topic I am confused in calculating the average value of friction factor in sub channels ... please help ?? thank you in advance
  24. C

    Mass of Particulate from fuel exhaust

    I'd like to know that apart from Gases coming out of tailpipe of a vehicle, how much is Solid particle mass exhausted per gallon of fuel? I tried to search but I couldn't get exact answer. e.g. After 1 gallon of fuel burnout, exhaust pipe emits 1 gm or 10 gm or 100 gm of solid particles (PM10...
  25. B

    Automotive Vacuum Fuel Pump Issues with Oversize Piston

    Good morning, I am new to the forum, so let me get straight into the problem. I am working on an old scooter with small displacement (150cc, with about 9.6:1 compression ratio). After rebuilding the engine, I figured I have to put in a much bigger piston 60mm compared to the original 58mm...
  26. C

    Why isn't Thorium used for reactor fuel rods?

    Is THORIUM a viable alternative Reactor Fuel? Seems like URANIUM and PLUTONIUM are to easily weaponized.
  27. Arubi Bushlee

    B So, is the polywell a promising concept for achieving aneutronic fusion?

    has anyone looked into the possibility of nuclear fusion without neutrons? it would make IEC fusion easier without all the neutrons running around making things radioactive and wearing them down. I am wondering if p-B11 (proton-boron11) fusion is really an aneutronic fuel. deuterium-Helium3...
  28. F

    Solid Rocket Fuel and Oxidant Agent

    Hello Forum, For a combustion to happen, there needs to be one material that plays the role of the fuel and another material that is the oxidant. For example, fuel and oxygen react together to produce light and heat and expanding gases. In making rocket fuel, sugar is used as fuel and...
  29. drew wood

    Can I turn hydrogen gas into electricity without purchasing a fuel cell?

    I would like to start experimenting with hydrogen as an electricity source, but I haven't been able to find any good resources for steps after the hydrogen generation. I've made some prototypes of small-scale hydrogen generation using electrolysis, so now I basically have two bags, one filled...
  30. dean barry

    What factors affect fuel consumption and speed in road vehicles?

    I was wondering about the amount of fuel used for a given journey. My model is that the same journey is made at two different constant speeds I have assumed that instantaneous fuel consumption is proportional to the power produced by the engine at that point. I an ignoring rolling resistance...
  31. D

    Understanding Fuel Pump Performance: Factors, Measurements, and Potential Risks

    I am not talking about the mechanics of them, I am talking about what factors influence how much fuel they pump in a given system(EFI return style) at a given time. What do numbers such as maximum pressure and free flow rate mean? Can you have a pump that is too powerful for a system like say...
  32. M

    Burner and fuel consumption rate

    I don't know how to determine the fuel consumption rate of a gas burner and would like to seek for help. Also, is there any relationship between the number of rings of gas burner and the fuel consumption rate?
  33. D

    Will the fuel system benefit from a larger fuel line?

    Hello, I am working on a automotive fuel system for a school project and one of the problems is not enough fuel at higher rpm's. Would a larger fuel line help this problem? The pump has been determined that it should be powerful enough for the necessary supply and wondering if there can be...
  34. K

    Identifying Illegal Fuel in My Country: Tips for Detecting Fuel-Kerosene Mixture

    There's has been a report on illegal fuel in my country recently This is how they do Suppose a fuel truck ( tank ) carrying 900 litres of fuel The driver will go to somewhere desolated. He will then take out 40 litres of fuel and add 40 litres of kerosene back. Since fuel is much more expensive...
  35. E

    Disposition of Pu240 in Spent/Used Nuclear Fuel

    I just finished an article on the implications of separating Pu-240 from SNF. The implications are pissvly huge, but the article does not consider the technical issues for laser separation. I am familiar with the concept of resonance laser ionization. I am not aware of any real initiative that...
  36. 0

    Calculating Fuel Consumption for a Boiler at 2.1 MN/m2 Pressure

    Homework Statement A boiler is to produce 6250 kg/h of steam superheated by 40 oC at a pressure of 2.1 MN/m2. The temperature of the feedwater is 50 oC. If the thermal efficiency of the boiler is 70%, how much fuel oil will be consumed in one hour? The calorific value of the fuel oil used is...
  37. F

    Can space itself act as an fuel?

    Hey guys, I've been running this though experiment in my head for a while now and to be honest, I am not that much of a physics guy so I figured I'd ask a few questions to see if what I'm thinking about it even physically possible. (Not that it is even realistic, but hey.. who cares right?)...
  38. D

    Convective heat transfer coefficients of fuel oil?

    I'm setting up a thermal resistance network to determine the heat loss through the insulated wall of a heated fuel/crude oil tank but i can't seem to find values for the convective heat transfer coefficient of the fuel oil (kerosene) or the crude oil at elevated temperatures. I have only found...
  39. L

    Fuel efficiency, turbine vs stroke generator

    Hi, I'm trying to figure which is more fuel efficient, turbine vs stroke generators. This honda stroke engine generator does 1000w for 3.8 hrs with 0.6 gallons of fuel or 2.3 liters, so the power per liter of fuel is 1,300 kW. http://powerequipment.honda.com/generators/models/eu1000i Then I...
  40. R

    How Can We Make Space Travel Accessible to Everyone?

    RocketShip, yep that's the name I was given ironically enough. I'm not much for math but I love philosophy and critical thinking. I'll come up with ideas you come up with solutions :P my biggest interest at the moment is how to get the masses into space.
  41. O

    Need guidance on pneumatic motorcycle fuel system

    Hello, I'm a physics student at Michigan State and I started an applied physics club. One of our first major projects is converting a 4-stroke combustion engine into a pneumatic engine to drive a motorcycle. We completed the prototype using a 4.5 hp tecumseh 139cc motor, a 5lb CO2 tank, some...
  42. T

    If you were to empty a full tank 16 gallon tank of fuel, how

    I am kind of wondering how much for example CO2 you would put out or other greenhouse gases would be emitted everytime i use a full tank of gas. It would help me if you could explain it in volume, like how much it would take to contain the emissions on its own, and how much it would take to...
  43. S

    A "neat set of reactions" that makes fuel on Mars

    Hi, I'm reading The Martian by Andy Weir (fantastic book). A character, describing how a Mars mission works, says of fueling their ascent vehicle: "Through a neat set of chemical reactions with the Martian atmosphere, for every kilogram of hydrogen you bring to Mars, you can make thirteen...
  44. C

    Automotive Could cars have a better fuel economy at low speeds?

    The part that I roughly understand: 1) Drag equation, drag increases by square of velocity, thus if it was only factor to be taken into account then the lower speed the better. 2) In case of cargo ships there is a policy of decreasing speed to reduce fuel usage, called "slow steaming". It...
  45. RAHIL008

    Why can't a rocket continue to travel without fuel?

    By Newton's first law of motion, every object will continue to be in state of movement or rest, until acted upon by external force. Now, why can't a rocket continue to travel after it was initially thrusted (do not know if its right word) by fuel ? like a satellite that is set in orbit with some...
  46. Goldisach

    How to find Fuel consumption for 10 MW Gas Generator

    Hi I am working on Bio Gas Project and I want to know calculations/Formulas to find out elements of Generator. I am MBA students and i have to submit my project report with to start up new firm on renewable energy. Please submit can share your knowledge to help me.
  47. J

    Alternate fuel for TriAlpha Fusion Reactor Design?

    http://news.sciencemag.org/physics/2015/08/secretive-fusion-company-makes-reactor-breakthroughAbove is a link to a news story about the recent Tri Alpha Energy “breakthrough”. It looks to me like a very nice development in increased stability of a proposed reactor design. Tri Alpha emphasizes...
  48. C

    Effect of Air temp on fuel cell

    Hi! Recently, I got a hobby grade mini- fuel cell after watching a youtube video. Sometimes the fuel cell doesn't perform steadily. What effect does the surrounding air temperature have on PEMs? will it work better if i run in near an AC? (:wink:) I've seen some really complex images on...
  49. M

    Automotive Why cant oxygen be used as fuel for cars?

    its is fuel efficient and pollution free
  50. Stephanus

    Chemical Composition & Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuel

    Dear PF Forum, Actually I've never visited chemistry forum. It's cosmology and SR that interests me. Tomorrow at Thursday 30th July, 14:00 GMT. I have to present a service (religion) about global warming. But there's some facts that I need to know fast. Can anyone help me? What is the formula of...
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