A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets) or ductile (can be drawn into wires). A metal may be a chemical element such as iron; an alloy such as stainless steel; or a molecular compound such as polymeric sulfur nitride.
In physics, a metal is generally regarded as any substance capable of conducting electricity at a temperature of absolute zero. Many elements and compounds that are not normally classified as metals become metallic under high pressures. For example, the nonmetal iodine gradually becomes a metal at a pressure of between 40 and 170 thousand times atmospheric pressure. Equally, some materials regarded as metals can become nonmetals. Sodium, for example, becomes a nonmetal at pressure of just under two million times atmospheric pressure.
In chemistry, two elements that would otherwise qualify (in physics) as brittle metals—arsenic and antimony—are commonly instead recognised as metalloids due to their chemistry (predominantly non-metallic for arsenic, and balanced between metallicity and nonmetallicity for antimony). Around 95 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals (or are likely to be such). The number is inexact as the boundaries between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids fluctuate slightly due to a lack of universally accepted definitions of the categories involved.
In astrophysics the term "metal" is cast more widely to refer to all chemical elements in a star that are heavier than helium, and not just traditional metals. In this sense the first four "metals" collecting in stellar cores through nucleosynthesis are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon, all of which are strictly non-metals in chemistry. A star fuses lighter atoms, mostly hydrogen and helium, into heavier atoms over its lifetime. Used in that sense, the metallicity of an astronomical object is the proportion of its matter made up of the heavier chemical elements.Metals, as chemical elements, comprise 25% of the Earth's crust and are present in many aspects of modern life. The strength and resilience of some metals has led to their frequent use in, for example, high-rise building and bridge construction, as well as most vehicles, many home appliances, tools, pipes, and railroad tracks. Precious metals were historically used as coinage, but in the modern era, coinage metals have extended to at least 23 of the chemical elements.The history of refined metals is thought to begin with the use of copper about 11,000 years ago. Gold, silver, iron (as meteoric iron), lead, and brass were likewise in use before the first known appearance of bronze in the 5th millennium BCE. Subsequent developments include the production of early forms of steel; the discovery of sodium—the first light metal—in 1809; the rise of modern alloy steels; and, since the end of World War II, the development of more sophisticated alloys.
Does the metal being attracted make a difference?
How would you find the force on the metal knowing the field strength there?
How would you even calculate the field strength of an electromagnet with a core? In my case, it is one of those junkyard electromagnets.
thanks
Does anyone have any experience with creating a hermetic seal on metal housings that are sandwiching a thin metal membrane? Specifically with the fluid leak path between the metal and the plastic.
Hey everyone this is my first thread i was wondering how you calculate the inductance of a solid sphere. Say a sphere for example of 5cm diameter with electrical contacts on opposing sides 0.5 cm in diameter.
Any help would be much appreciated
I am working on a project to remove cutting oil from waste metal chips. I need to know the retationship between viscous force of oil and centrifugal force required to remove oil from chips, so that I can calculate the RPM
P.S Design is attached
Homework Statement
A circular metal plate of diameter D needs Q Joule of heat to expand and the temperature changes from 40oC to 58oC. What is the thermal energy needed to expand identical metal plate having twice the diameter for same increase in temperature?
Homework Equations
Q = mcΔT
The...
Hi, it's been a long time since I've been on these forums, but here is a new 3D blender model that I spent four weeks of daily work to finish.
I'm glad it's done, it wasn't easy.
This is metal gear RAY, a 70-foot tall robot from the popular video game franchise metal gear solid.
Homework Statement
Aluminum metal dissolves in hydrochloric acid. What volume, in mL, of 1.58 M HCl is needed to completely dissolve 3.200 g of aluminum?(Hint: write the single-replacement reaction first)
Homework Equations
V[1]M[1]=V[2]M[2]
The Attempt at a Solution
I got the...
Homework Statement
[/B]
What is the contribution of the conduction electrons in the molar entropy of a metal with
electronic coefficient of specific heat? I can't figure out how to comprehend this, which relation/theory might lead to this?
and How this answer is relevant to the point of molar...
Not sure if this is the right place to post, but I am wondering, can this VLF station melt metal (details below post)?
I recently did a scuba dive with a company in exmouth, WA, who provided some info on this station. They had been told that the control room is made entirely of wood, and even...
When we make a metal sphere positively charged by electricity, why doesn't it react with oxygen or any other element in air as metal has positive charges and one of the element in air must react with sphere as I think an ion can never stand in air without reacting?
If it reacts, why doesn't...
Hi everyone! Brand new here. I'm sorry if this isn't the right place to post this but I am terrible with math/calculating anything so I thought I would reach out and ask! No harm done, hopefully.
I'm building an 8' x 3' x 2" live edge walnut slab table and am trying to create some steel legs...
Homework Statement
A metal strip 6.5cm long, 0.88cm wide, and 0.76cm thick moves with constant velocity, magnitude v along positive y-axis, through a magnetic field, B=1.2mT along positive z-axis. A potential difference of 3.9x10^-6V is measured between points x1 and x2 (as shown in...
Metals are highly effective at screening electric fields. If we place two contacts reasonably far away from each other on a piece of metal and apply a voltage bias, the charge carriers in the section that is far enough from both the contacts should be unaffected by the electric field. Why then...
Homework Statement
Do metal atoms, such as Ti and Na, have London-dispersion force?2. The attempt at a solution
In the textbook by Tro (6th ed), "Since all atoms and molecules have electrons, they all have dispersion forces." But metal atoms are held together by electrostatic forces. I think...
Homework Statement
The question is exactly the same as this question
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/250297/metal-sphere-in-a-uniform-electric-field
However, it says "Then by symmetry the entire xy plane is at potential zero" in the book. I don't understand this.
Homework...
So, I'm considering the match up between Goku and, let's say, an armored mech.
I wrote out rules for a GURPS game based on Dragon Ball flavor and powers but kind of a more logically consistent version of that universe that I have written probably a couple dozen pages about so far. So, the...
Hi everyone, I want to figure out exactly how clean a particular lab room is (in terms of trace metal contamination). I’ve read papers where people have simply left a vial of high conc. nitric acid on a hot plate to concentrate it, then measure contamination from lab air using an ICPMS. I...
This is only my second post and I pray it is deemed on topic. This forum has given me a lot of insight however a forum search left me without answer here.
Most likely because you are all WELL above my knowledge level.
I'll try to make this short and again pray I'm on topic.. I live in florida...
I am trying to gain a very basic understanding of voltage. I understand amps and resistance, but not voltage. I am thinking of a copper wire that is used in a basic electrical circuit to light a light bulb. Is the voltage of this wire an inherent property of copper at a given temperature...
Generally, a material is metal or insulator is simply determined by the gap. But if we view it in another way, to measure the resistance in different direction, says x and y, and there are usually different. And then measure the resistance change with temperature. Usually, the resistances goes...
I'll get into the details why I need this for below but first I'll explain what I'm looking for.
I basically need a flat sheet of aluminum or any plastic in grey or black color that doesn't provide specular reflections, yet is smooth enough to not have any noticeable texture when looking with...
Homework Statement
I tried to understand the problem b) and c).[/B]
Homework Equations
Faraday's law: ∇xE = - ∂B/∂t
emf ε = Bdv
Force : F =ma, Lorenz's force F=q(vxB) ==> ma = IdB
Power : power of battery = εI, mechanical power of the wire = Fv
The Attempt at a Solution
I think I solved...
Doing a research on the topic above, I want to determine the effect of volume fraction on the viscosity(or determine the viscosity) of the mixture in molten form, is this possible? How ?
Thanks
Homework Statement
What will be the complete equation if an oxide of a metal is MO?
3. The Attempt at a Solution
M + O2 = MO or M2 + O2 = MO
As far as I know, non-metals come as molecules such as O2, N2 etc But I am confused about metals. in the reactant, do metals react as a molecule or as...
i know that x-rays are produced when a beam of high energy electrons hits a metal anode but why does that work better than when that same beam hits glass (like in the Crookes tube)?
Thanks
Homework Statement
I am trying to solve a problem that I have invented.
It consists of a metal stick of mass m, which falls by the action of gravity (g=constant) within a perpendicular constant magnetic field B. The direction of magnetic fiel is showed in the image.
The stick makes electrical...
Hey there! I want to make a rosin press from scratch.
I have a big press with 2 inch thick metal plates, probably about 4 inches wide and 10 inches long.
I need to heat these plates up to 230 degrees Fahrenheit and press them against each other with product in between them.
I am going to fasten...
In bolometers, incoming radiation warms a strip of material. this material will have a large thermal coefficient of resistance, leading to a (small) resistance change in the material. the inventor, Samuel Pierpoint Langley apparently used this to detect a cow from 1/4 of a mile away using a...
The photoelectric effect occurs when light causes electrons to fly off atoms. An equal number of electrons to protons gives an atom a net charge of 0. If I left a piece of metal in the sun for a long time, that would mean a large number of electrons would fly off. This should, in theory, give...
Homework Statement
Moment of inertia of a metal plate (center at origin) which was a square before 1/4th of it was cut off (4th quadrant), about three points a)- top leftmost corner in 2nd quadrant b)- origin and c) (where the right-lowest corner used to be in 4th quadrant) ranked in decreasing...
Homework Statement
Stretch forming[/B]
A 38.1 cm-long sheet with a cross sectional area of 3.2258 cm2 is stretched with a force, F, until alpha = 0.35 rad. The tip of the force is fixed to the strip by some means, thus maintaining the lateral position of the force. (The left portion of the...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I have honestly no idea about this concept . Book doesn't mention anything about this . This looks similar to Faraday cage in electrostatics . But I don't understand how this works in case of magnetic fields .
Is this related to...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
The moment of inertia before collapse is for each rod:
BEFORE COLLAPSE:[/B]
Ib = ∫(L2 + x2) dm = m/L ∫(L2 + x2) dx = 4/3 * m * L2
We have 8 of these plus the inertia of the mechanism, giving a total I,
It = 8 * Ib + Ik =...
are there any already existing devices on the market or possible ways in which one can make a liquid metal slip contact like a mercury contact in which the mercury can be held at a specific location within a confined space with the help of magnetic field?
I know that mercury itself is very weak...
Let's say I have a bullet flying by a magnet, the magnet will attract the bullet and change its trajectory so it will turn slightly. Does that trajectory change take energy? If it does, where does it come from? The kinetic energy of the bullet?
<<moderator: moved from a technical forum, no template>>
Hi ...
I have a question about a job in the material science courseWe give the hall petch type that denotes the dependence of the strength on the average grain diameter d, also has a value close to 1mpa. I have to show in a diagram σ-d ^...
Homework Statement
A metal cube is placed in an empty vessel. When water is filled in the vessel so that the cube is completely immersed in the water,the force on the bottom of the vessel in contact with the cube (A) will increase (B)will decrease (C)will remain same (D) will become zero...
Homework Statement
Two identical uniform metal spheres of radius 47 cm are in free space with their centers exactly 1 meter apart. Each has a mass of 5000 kg. Without integrating, show that gravity will cause them to collide in less than 425 seconds. [/B]
Source: Classical Mechanics, R...
I placed a hot metal lid on a cool surface. When i tried to pull it up, it had a lot of resistance, i had to really try to pull it up. I could hear sounds under the lid, I'm guessing it was boiling water.
What do you think could have caused this resistance?
As one know, the force on mangnetic dipole in magnetic field is
$$ \vec F = (\vec p_m\cdot \nabla) \vec B_0$$,
where B_0 -- external field.
Let consider a some magnetic matherial with permeability \mu. The magnetization of matherial is $$M = (\mu - 1) H$$ (in SI units) and by deffinition $$M =...
Physicists Create Quantum Electronic Material Known As 'Kagome Metal'
https://interestingengineering.com/physicists-create-quantum-electronic-material-known-as-kagome-metal
I need to bounce some ideas off you for my project.
My project is to build an exterior handrail, using these flanges:
The actual inner diameter (ID) is 1.66" and the material is galvanized steel.
I was supposed to use the appropriate pipe size for the handrail made also of galvanized...
Homework Statement
fig 1 : Area of each plate is S, separated by 2d, charge Q in the capacitors
fig 2 : uncharged conductors of area S, thickness d, inserted parallel between plates
What is the ratio of electrostatic energy in fig 2 to electrostatic energy in fig 1?
Homework Equations
Q =...