Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding. Study of structure determines their chemical composition and formula. Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.
The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (included in many biochemicals) and the halogens. Organometallic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon–metal bonds.
In addition, contemporary research focuses on organic chemistry involving other organometallics including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium and chromium.
Organic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute the majority of known chemicals. The bonding patterns of carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, plus structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse, and their range of applications enormous. They form the basis of, or are constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and agrichemicals, and products made from them including lubricants, solvents; plastics; fuels and explosives. The study of organic chemistry overlaps organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
Hello. I have a query regarding organic chemistry.
1. http://tinyurl.com/y9nvg2p
See question number 21.
2. Homework Equations : None
3. The first Carbon atom beneath the top-most CH3 group I can tell is a chiral centre, as it has 4 different groups attached to it (C=O, CH2...
Why does delocalization of the negative charge over the ortho and para positions of aromatic rings increase the stability of the phenoxide anion? Why do the ortho and para positions increase the stability but not the meta position? Please explain. Thank you.
If you dehyrate 1-butanol, wouldn't you get 2-butene due to rearrangement? This is not a homework question. This is an mcat review question. The question asks: when 1-butanol is dehydrated, the new compound's heat of hydrogenation is most likely? The answer is between 30 and 33 kcal/mol
It...
Homework Statement
http://i.imgur.com/H8p56.jpg
2. The attempt at a solution
I'm not quite sure how to start this one... I would assume organolithiation could get me started for the two combining, but I'm not quite sure how to get the 3' carbon to spout that ehtyl group or how to...
Homework Statement
Hi all,
i have to identify 5 samples (1,2,3 were solids, 4,5 were liquids) by classifying them as
1) Aliphatic or aromatic and
2) Carboxylic acid, amine (primary, secondary, tertiary) or ammonium carboxylate
We did a burn test on the solids, tested solubility in water...
Homework Statement
What would be the product of the reaction between trifluoroacetic anhydride and 2 butanol. This is a secondary alcohol. When a primary alcohol like methanol reacts with trifluoroacetic anhydride it forms methyl trifluoroacetate, but what 2 butanol form with it? I tried and...
Why do ten molecules of toluene that enter a GC column at exactly the same time not reach the detector at the same time?
Why are London Dispersion forces of the sample molecules strongly influencing GC measurements? And why are they negligible in TLC experiments on silica gel?
I have no...
(maybe it fits better in this forum)
Hello,
I have been asked an advice about waste heat to power systems (say wh2p).
The available waste heat to be considered is a (dirty) gas in a temperature range between 250°C and 450°C.
The useful power that could be generated would range between...
Hello,
I have been asked an advice about waste heat to power systems (say wh2p).
The available waste heat to be considered is a (dirty) gas in a temperature range between 250°C and 450°C.
The useful power that could be generated would range between 2MW and 10MW.
I know some examples...
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which are very unreactive.
However, they undergo combustion, i.e. they react with oxygen. Why?
(Even compounds as unreactive as polythene with over thousands of carbon atoms per molecule undergoes combustion...)
There is lots of talk about how hard Organic Chemistry is, so I ask, what did you think of Organic Chemistry if you took it, and how did you excel at it if you did? What were your weaknesses?
This is for a friend:
The worksheet says:
Name the following comounds:
It has a picture, which is a benzene ring with 2 PhD groups off the 1 and 2 positions. Is also says "THis one is a pun. See if you can figure it out!"
Thanks,
nkk
Homework Statement
A question on a pretest asks me to name this. I know it's either (1R,2R) or (1S,2S)1,2-Cyclopentanediol because the OH's are facing in opposite directions, but I'm not sure how to figure out if the OH's are S or R
2. The attempt at a solution
I somewhat have an...
In the oxidation of organic chemicals, are there any conditions that must involve water or must not be in the presence of water or the oxidation process will stop despite the presence of the oxidizing agent? I remember my teacher saying something about this, but I don't remember which one it is...
Hi guys, I've got a question which i couldn't solve.
Both napthalene (two benzene ring join together) and benzoic acid are aromatic compounds which exist as white solids.
Based on their physical ahd chemical properties, describe how you could separate the components of a mixture of these...
Over the past month, with the approaching date of the Copenhagen summit, several news and scientific articles have been prominently dedicated to various environmental issues, namely organic farming, the sustainability of keeping high levels of meat in our diets and its growth in developing...
Homework Statement
Project 7: Identification and Separation of a Metal Chloride and an Organic
Substance
Here is an open ended lab we have to do for general chemistry:
A chemical manufacturing company which produces a variety of specialty
chemicals has come across an old waste jar...
i know this is a physics forum, but i figure you guys might like chemistry too? and i know you guys probably took up to orgo to get your physics degrees. anyways over the summer session assuming i pass my current classes and my classes in the spring, i will be taking orgo 1, orgo 2, and...
Alright, I've got a bunch of physical data and an IR Spectrum, but somehow it doesn't seem to match up with any compound I find through google. Even worse, I have a list of compounds it should be and there's still no obvious winner. Any help is dearly appreciated.
Clear, yellowish liquid...
Homework Statement
The experiment was changing dimethyl maleate into dimethyl fumerate, with the intent of being analogous to changing maleic acid into fumeric acid. In the experiment, we added 1 M Bromine in dimethylchlorine to our dimethyl fumerate, put the mixture in a hot water bath and...
Homework Statement
Hello all.
Im not sure how to get the image of the organic compound i need to name on here, but I think I can do a good job of describing it. The compound I need to name is a cycloheptane with three substituents on it. These substituents are bonded to three consecutive...
Organic Chemistry Reactions - Check my Answers, Please! :)
this is the lab that we have to do in class:
http://academics.eckerd.edu/instructor/grove/gorgchem/Extraction%20Lab.pdf
http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/cnIZmcws9cN3v_1TDx7nfg?authkey=Gv1sRgCI-xv4Hl9tampgE&feat=directlink
Hi,
I'm going to be taking O chem this quarter in college. I took a year of general chemistry last year, but didn't do so well in the first two out of three quarters.
Now I think that I don't remember anything from general chemistry.
what do i do?
I have Been wondering a lot that why we cannot separate the organic compounds from the functional groups. And this is not established by the inorganic compounds!
What looks strange to me even more is that whenever a reaction occurs we face the functional group and these functional group are...
can someone help me with this question?
Draw the most important resonance contributor of the following structure?
if its to small
http://img196.imageshack.us/img196/8417/48084902.jpg
Homework Statement
A chemist has three liquids (Ethanol, butanoic acid and 3-heptyne) labelled P,Q,R (in no specific order). When drops of bromine solution were added to samples of each liquid, P and Q decolorised the bromine, but R did not. When drops of sodium carbonate solution were added...
Homework Statement
CH3CH=CHCH3
What's the cis and trans structure name for this formula?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I've drew the ciis and trans structure
H\ /H
C = C
/ \
CH3 CH3
this is the cis
the tran is similar to...
1. In the chair conformation, why would 1-bromo-tetrahydropyran be more stable in the axial position, as opposed to the equitorial position? (Hint: consider how the bromo group affects the attached carbon and what the oxygen could do to alleviate that.)
2. No relevant equations
3...
Homework Statement
An alkene
H---C=C---F
____|_|
___Cl__I
reacts with H2 in the presence of Pt. What will the dominant product be?
Homework Equations
See below.
The Attempt at a Solution
Syn addition will occur, so the hydrogen atoms will either be in the front or...
Hi,
I'm in first year organic chem and we're obviously learning about all the different reaction mechanisms (e.g. elim reactions of alcohols) and I was wondering if the only way to figure out what is going to happen in a particular reaction is to memorize all these different reaction...
After promoting one of the electrons in the 2s orbital, the 2s orbital and two of the 2p orbitals undergo hybridization to form three sp2 orbitals, leaving the other 2p orbital unhybridized. But why is the hybridization necessary? Isn't the three 2p orbitals sufficient to form three identical...
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/5835975/Arctic-sea-full-of-huge-blobs-of-floating-goo.html
http://www.adn.com/2835/story/864687.html
Anyone else heard about this yet? Are we under attack from some alien life form? :o
Any theories as to what could explain this?
Edit...
Homework Statement
When 100 mL of an aqueous solution containing 1.0 g of caffeine is extracted with 10 mL of chloroform at room temperature, 0.5 g of caffeine is transferred to the chloroform layer. Calculate the distribution coefficient of caffeine between chloroform and water at room...
Homework Statement
We did an experiment in lab today where we were given a compound and we had to figure out the chemical formula and molar mass using titration (titrated with NaOH). The compound I got was phthalic acid, and the average molar mass I got was ~135g. This is about 30 grams off of...
Homework Statement
When reacting chloroethane with sodium hydroxide, what are the products?
The Attempt at a Solution
I think there are two possible solutions to this problem. One possible solution is ethanol and sodium chloride, through a substitution reaction. Another solution could...
Homework Statement
Modern organic chemistry is the study of:
a) only molecular compounds
b) only petrochemicals
c) only natural molecules
d) molecules of carbon
The Attempt at a Solution
I think the answer is c) because organic chemistry looks at molecules of (dead) plants...
and why is biochemistry important in medicine?
I kind of know why, but i can't find that much information so I am stuck and i need a bit of help if anyone could help me?
Ive read that organic chemistry serves as a basis of biochemistry and biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in...
Hi. I was to plan and conduct the reduction of 4-t-butylcyclohexanone into 4-t-butylcyclohexanol using NaBH4 as reducing agent, MeOH as solvent, and NH4Cl.
My question is about the use of NH4Cl. How does it act as a quenching agent? I've figured out that it acts as a quenching agent by removing...
This is a general Organic Chemistry question. How do the reactivities of the following compare?
Acyl Chlorides, Esters, Anhydrides, Amides, Ketones, Aldehydes
The Attempt at a Solution
I know the following "ladder:"
MOST REACTIVE
acyl chloride
anhydride
ester
amide
LEAST...
Homework Statement
I am given isobutane as my starting material, Br2 and benzoyl peroxide as my radical initiators. My final product is the isobutane with Br attached instead of H.
I have to design the mechanism. I have tried what seems like an endless combination of mechanism attempts...
I have a question about evaporation of organic solvents and the leftover sample after this is done. (sample dissolved in the organic solvent)
Does the sample, leftover after the evaporation of a organic solvent, (used to dissolve the sample) affect the analysis of the dry sample? (basically...
http://chemistry.boisestate.edu/people/richardbanks/organic/nomenclature/aromatic3.gif is called o-methylethylbenzene, why isn't it instead called o-ethylmethylbenzene? I thought it was alphabetical