What is Partition: Definition and 306 Discussions

The Partition of India was the division of British India into two independent Dominions: India and Pakistan. The two states have since gone through further reorganization: the Dominion of India is today the Republic of India (since 1950); while the Dominion of Pakistan was composed of what is known today as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (since 1956) and the People's Republic of Bangladesh (since 1971). The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and Punjab, based on district-wide non-Muslim or Muslim majorities. The partition also saw the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury. The partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, i.e. Crown rule in India. The two self-governing independent Dominions of India and Pakistan legally came into existence at midnight on 15 August 1947.
The partition displaced between 10 and 20 million people along religious lines, creating overwhelming refugee crises in the newly constituted dominions. There was large-scale violence, with estimates of the loss of life accompanying or preceding the partition disputed and varying between several hundred thousand and two million. The violent nature of the partition created an atmosphere of hostility and suspicion between India and Pakistan that affects their relationship to this day.
The term partition of India does not cover the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, nor the earlier separations of Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from the administration of British India. The term also does not cover the political integration of princely states into the two new dominions, nor the disputes of annexation or division arising in the princely states of Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Jammu and Kashmir, though violence along religious lines did break out in some princely states at the time of the partition. It does not cover the incorporation of the enclaves of French India into India during the period 1947–1954, nor the annexation of Goa and other districts of Portuguese India by India in 1961. Other contemporaneous political entities in the region in 1947—the Kingdom of Sikkim, Kingdom of Bhutan, Kingdom of Nepal, and the Maldives—were unaffected by the partition.Among princely states, the violence was often highly organised with the involvement or complicity of the rulers. It is believed that in the Sikh states (except for Jind and Kapurthala), the Maharajas were complicit in the ethnic cleansing of Muslims, while other Maharajas such as those of Patiala, Faridkot, and Bharatpur were heavily involved in ordering them. The ruler of Bharatpur, in particular, is said to have witnessed the ethnic cleansing of his population, especially at places such as Deeg.

View More On Wikipedia.org
Recent contents Top users
  1. T

    Looking for algoritm to the partition problem C

    write a function called int partition(int arr[], int size) which input an array of integers and decides whether it is possible to divide the array into two groups so the sums of both the groups will be equal. for example arr = {1,2,2,3,5,6,1} its could be divided into {2,2,6} and...
  2. P

    How Does the Grand Partition Function Compare in Fermi and Bose Systems?

    Homework Statement a) Suppose particles can be absorbed onto a surface such that each absorption site can be occupied by up to 6 atoms each in single-particle quantum state \psi_{\it i} with an absorption energy \varepsilon_{i}. Write down the grand partition function for one site. b) If...
  3. P

    Integration problem to calculate partition function of a gase in a blackbody

    Homework Statement This is the integration i have to solve I=\int x^{2}In(1-exp(-ax))dx integration is from zero to infinity The Attempt at a Solution I know that it should be solved with integration by parts so u=In(1-exp(-ax)) du=[a exp(-ax)] / [1-exp(-ax)] dv=x^{2}dx...
  4. P

    Grand Partition Function Question

    Homework Statement a) Suppose particles can be adsorbed onto a surface such that each adsorption site can be occupied by up to 6 atoms each in single-particle quantum state \psi_i with an adsorption energy \epsilon_i. Write down the grand partition function for one site. b) If...
  5. N

    Statistical Physics: Partition function and fermions

    Homework Statement Hi all. The partition function for fermions is (according to Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_function_(statistical_mechanics)#Relation_to_thermodynamic_variables_2) given by: Z = \prod\limits_i {\left( {1 + \exp \left[ { - \beta \left( {\varepsilon _i -...
  6. P

    What is the method for expanding the partition function Z_{\pi}?

    Hello! I've got a problem. If you scroll down to page 118 on the following link http://books.google.com/books?id=ntrPDA6zE1wC&dq=Quarks+bound+by+chiral+fields&pg=PP1&ots=_29vGOurGs&source=bn&sig=h4vGPNBbKX14DpoOyt4tuRZHkRc&hl=de&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA118,M1 there you...
  7. I

    Is there a closed-form formula for the Partition Function p(n)?

    I am aware that there are several generator functions for the Partition Function p(n), but does anyone know if a closed form formula exists for this function?
  8. S

    Proving Nonempty Fibers of a Map Partition the Domain

    Homework Statement Prove that the nonempty fibers of a map form a partition of the domain. The Attempt at a Solution Ok so we have some map phi: S -->T And we want to show that its pre-image phi-1(t) = {s in S | phi(s)=t} forms a partition of the domain. Im really confused here. I assume...
  9. M

    Partition Function of a Single Magnetic Particle

    Homework Statement For a magnetic particle with an angular momentum "quantum number", j, the allowed values of the z component of a particles magnetic moment are: µ = -jδ, (-j + 1)δ, ..., (j-1)δ, jδ δ is a constant, and j is a multiple of 1/2 Show that the partition function of a...
  10. N

    Describe the partition for the equivalence relation T

    For the set A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}, determine whether script A is a partition of A. script A = {{1,3,},{5,6}, {2,4},{7}} Describe the partition for the equivalence relation T defined for x,y \in \mathbbc{R} by X T y iff \left[ \left[x \right] \right] = \left[ \left[y \right] \right] where...
  11. MathematicalPhysicist

    Grand Canonical Partition function question.

    The question: A system consists of N sites and N particles with magnetic moment m. each site can be in one of the three situations: 1. empty with energy zero. 2. occupied with one particle and zero energy (when there isn't magnetic field around). 3. occupied with two particles with anti...
  12. T

    Partition function problem (Reif)

    Hi, I am trying to work through some of the problems in Reif, not for homework, but to prepare for a final. I was hoping someone could show me how to work through the first problem of chapter seven in Reif. 7.1 - Consider a homogeneous mixture of intert monatomic ideal gases at absolute...
  13. M

    Meaning of Zeros of Partition function

    given a partition function of the form Z[u]= \prod Z_{i} [u] Z_{i} [u] = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}e^{iuE_{n}^{i}} what is the meaning of zeros ? i mean the values that make Z[u]=0 and how could we calculate these zeros ??
  14. P

    Microcanoncal partition function

    Homework Statement Does anyone know the mathematical definition of the microcanonical partition function? I've seen \Omega = {E_0\over{N!h^{3n}}}\int d^{3N}q d^{3N}p \delta(H - E) where H=H(p,q) is the Hamiltonian. This looks like a useful definition. Only thing is I don't know what E_0...
  15. P

    Partition Function of N Particles: Is Z=(Z_1)^N?

    Homework Statement If we have a system of N independent particles and the partition function for one particle is Z_1, then is the partition function for the N particle system Z=(Z_1)^N? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I'm pretty sure that this is true for a classical...
  16. H

    Entropy and Energy Density from a Partition Function

    Homework Statement Partition Function: Z = 1/N! [8 pi V (kT/hc)^3]^N There are several parts to this but here are the parts I'm struggling with: a) Compute the entropy of the system S. b) Computer the energy density u and compare the result with the corresponding results for a...
  17. H

    Equation of State from Partition Function

    Homework Statement Find the partition function for a two-dimensional nonrelativistic classical gas. Find the equation of state. Calculate the specific heat at constant volume cv and the entropy S. Homework Equations The partition function is Z = (A^N / N!) [(2 pi m k T / h^2)^N]...
  18. Q

    Why Is the Partition Function Crucial in Thermodynamics?

    I have been messing up the partition function for thermo all semester, and now it's really starting to bite me with the carry-down error (i.e. mess up Z for (a) which in turn will mess up S in (b) and so on). I was looking at Reif Problem 9.1 and was wondering if someone could please explain...
  19. C

    Equivalence Relations for Partition on R^3?

    Homework Statement Suppose that we partition R^3 into horizontal planes. What equivalence relation is associated with this partition? Suppose that we partition R^3 into concentric spheres, centered at (0,0,0). What equivalence relation is associated with this partition? Homework Equations...
  20. C

    Creating Five Distinct Partitioning Sets for A, Z, and R"

    Homework Statement a. Let A={1,2,...10}. Describe a partition of A that gives rise to five distinct paritioning sets. b.Describe a partition of Z that gives rise to five distinct partitioning sets c. Describe a partition of R that gives rise to five distint partitioning sets Homework...
  21. C

    Partition Math Help: Understanding x~y on Z

    Homework Statement Describe the partition associated with the following: On Z, we define x~y if and only if x-y is divisible by 3 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Could someone please give me a hint? I don't understand what I'm supposed to do. Thank you
  22. nicksauce

    Magnetic system, partition function

    Homework Statement A certain magnetic system has N independent molecules per unit volume, each of which as 4 distinct energy levels: 0, \Delta - \mu_BB, \Delta, \Delta + \mu_BB. i) Write down the partition function, and hence find an expression for the Hemholtz function ii) Use this...
  23. M

    Zeros of the partition function

    given a partition function Tr[e^{-BH}] or Z(B)= \int_{P}dx dp e^{-BH(p,q)} is there any meaning for its zeros ? , i mean what happens in case the partition function Z(B)=0 for some 'B' or temperature B=1/kT do these zeros have a meaning ?? thanks
  24. R

    Reverse Partition grouping problem

    In an Excel group someone connected with the Texas caucus gave this math problem> how to subdivide the following set of precincts into subsets so that there are a maximum number of subsets from this set with each subset of precincts totaling at least 180 votes. Since the caucus is this month it...
  25. U

    Partition Numbers: Approximating & Solving Inequalities

    Homework Statement Use a graphing utility to approximate the partition numbers of the function f(x) to two decimal places. Then solve the following inequalities. (a) f(x)>0 (b) f(x)<0 Express all answers in interval notation Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution...
  26. E

    Entropy and partition function

    Is it possible to obtain the relation S = \log Z + \langle U \rangle /T directly from the Boltzmann distribution? Edit: It seems that we can if we use the VN entropy: S = -\Sigma p_i \log p_i This suggests that the entropy of a single microstate should be s = -\log( \frac{e^{-\epsilon...
  27. T

    Partition function for a gas in a cylinder -

    Partition function for a gas in a cylinder -- urgent! Hi, Here's the problem -- it's supposed to be a specimen of what I can expect in my exam, but it isn't much like the tutorial questions I've been doing. I'd really appreciate some help -- fast! Homework Statement An ideal gas consisting...
  28. T

    Partition Function: Which Energy Relationship?

    Is the energy given by the first or the second? I have seen both relationships in different websites, and I am confused. E = kT^2 \frac{\partial Z}{\partial T} or E = - \frac{\partial ln Z}{\partial \beta}
  29. E

    Classical statistical mechanics: dimensions of partition function

    The partition function in the classical theory is an integral over phase space. Thus, the partition function is often not dimensionless. Then the formula F = -T \log Z can no longer be valid, as you can only take the logarithm of a dimensionless number. In the quantum theory, this...
  30. P

    Partition function & Boltzman, Maxwell distri

    What is the relation between the partition function and the Boltzman, Maxwell distribution? Differences and similarities? Both have exponentials to the power of the negative total energy of the microstate. Although the word microstate dosen't occur in the Boltzman, Maxwell case. Is the BM...
  31. P

    Can heat flow and work done be determined using the grand partition function?

    Homework Statement When modeling ideal gas molecules using a grand partition ensemble, is heat flow = 0? So if U=Q-W then in a grand canonical ensemble, U=-W?The Attempt at a Solution I think so as the system is in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. So in this system the total energy is...
  32. T

    Partition of an infinite-dimensional interval

    Is ther any form by bisection or simiar to obtain a partition for an infinite-dimensional interval (aka functional space)?? i believe you could obtain a partition for every interval 'centered' at a certain function as: X(t), X(t)+\delta (t-t`), X(t)+2\delta (t-t`), X(t)+\delta (t-t`), ...
  33. H

    Shared partition in dual boot

    So I've set up my computer to dual boot into WinXP or Fedora Core 6. As recommended by some walkthroughs I found, I've created a FAT32 partition for passing data back and forth between WinXP and linux. Alas, it only has 8 character filename support. I would like to have a partition for...
  34. L

    Divergence of a partition function

    Let us consider a collection of non-interacting hydrogen atoms at a certain temperature T. The energy levels of the hydrogen atom and their degeneracy are: En = -R/n² gn = n² The partition function in statistical physics is given by: Z = Sum(gn Exp(-En/kT), n=1 to Inf) This...
  35. H

    Partition Function of 2 State System

    If I have a 2 state system with energy levels of the 2 states to be 0 and V. I find the partition function to be Z = 1 + e^(-V/kT). Am I correct? If so, does that not mean the average energy is V? and thus the entropy is 0? This doesn't make sense, how is the entropy of a 2 state system (when 1...
  36. J

    Is there a way to recover a corrupted partition table in Linux?

    Hi, I just made some changes to my partition table in linux using fdisk that are very bad. For the moment everything is fine but when I reboot those changes will take effect. Is there any way to restore my partition table from the good version that the kernel is still using? Thanks
  37. Z

    Partition a Number n into k Parts: 7 Possible Solutions

    I want to partition a number n into k parts for example 9 into 3 parts x+y+z=9 and each element must be non zero , first look tells me it's combination with repetition. however C(n-1,n-k) doesn't give the same number of possibilities when trying all of them. x+y+z=9 C(8,6)=28 while trying...
  38. K

    Normal (probability) distribution and Partition function.

    Let be the continuous partition function: Z(\beta)=(N!)^{-1}\int_{V}dx_1 dx_2 dx_3 dx_4 ...dx_N exp(-\beta H(x_1, x_2 , x_3 , ... ,x_n,p_1 , p_2 , ..., p_N if the Hamiltonian is 'quadratic' in p's are q's do this mean that the particles in the gas solid or whatever follow a Normal...
  39. M

    The Quantum Partition function for the harmonic oscillator

    bah nevermind the question is too complicated to even write down :cry: i hate this :(
  40. H

    How u delete or format ntfs partition

    hay everyone can u help me. how u delete or format ntfs partition? i need to get it out or format it if u want to Email me it is codename951@yahoo.com thank bye :cry:
  41. E

    Partition function and Quantum mechanics

    Let be the Hamiltonian Energy equation: H\Psi= E_{n} \Psi then let be the partition function: Z=\sum_{n} g(n)e^{-\beta E_{n}} where the "Beta" parameter is 1/KT k= Boltzmann constant..the question is..let,s suppose we know the "shape" of the function Z...could we then "estimate"...
  42. V

    How to reformat & partition the HDD ?

    how to reformat & partition the HDD ?? hi, My computer has become very slow & sluggish & fully crammed up! So i want to reformat my HDD & make new partitions for proper management of data. Please tell me how to do it through dos ( ie without using any additional softwares like partition...
  43. A

    Partition Function in Thermal Physics: Overcounting States?

    This is a question about thermal physics. There's this partition function Z = sum over all states s of the system ( exp(-E_s/T)). And its just used to calculate the probability of any state by taking the Boltzman factor exp(-E_s/T) of that state and dividing over the partition function. Theres...
  44. M

    Boltzmann factor and partition function

    I got a problem by finding an proper explanation. The Boltzmann factor is defined as P_j=\frac{1}{Z}e^{-\beta E_j} I know, this is a probability distribution. but what exactly does it mean? Wikipedia says: "The probability Pj that the system occupies microstate j" (link) But that doesen...
  45. L

    Let X be a set. A partition of X is a subset

    Let X be a set. A partition of X is a subset \pi \subseteq P(X) so that for every x \in X there is precisely one A \in \pi so that x\in A. If R is an equivalence relation on X, then \pi_R = {R(x): x \in X} is a partition. If \pi is partition of X then R_\pi= \bigcup A x A is an...
  46. K

    Can Windows 98 Detect a 160 GB HDD Partitioned to 32 GB FAT32?

    I have 160 gb hdd and i partitioned it 32 gb(fat32) chunks using extended partitions. I am now using windows xp. Can windows 98 detect this hdd?
  47. D

    Format hard drive / delete NTFS partition (Windows XP)

    Folks, I'm running Windows XP, but now I need to format my hard drive. The only potential difficulty that I foresee is having to deal with the NTFS partition. I'd like to get rid of it, install Windows ME and then upgrade it back to XP. I've read that the only way to delete any NTFS...
  48. J

    Thermal physics - partition function

    Hi, i'm having trouble with a thermal physics problem relating to the partition function and i was wondering if anyone could help me out. the problem is as follows: (a) Consider a molecule which has energy levels En=c|n| , where n is a vector with integer components. Compute the partition...
  49. Monique

    Increasing capacity of hard drive partition

    I partitioned my hard drive into two sectors (I installed windows on one).. it turns out to be too small (sp2 makes a backup of the whole system :rolleyes:).. I'm at a loss how to redistribute the size though :rolleyes: Anyone a clue? I'm running Windows XP (I guess I need to go into BIOS at...
  50. P

    Partition of Integer need advice

    The Q is: show that the number of partitions of n within Z+ where no summand is divisible by 4 equals the number of partitions of n where no even summand is repeated Here is what I got so far Let the partition where no summand is divisible by 4 be P1(x) Let the partition where no even...
Back
Top