What is Transition: Definition and 536 Discussions
A transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Transition economies undergo a set of structural transformations intended to develop market-based institutions. These include economic liberalization, where prices are set by market forces rather than by a central planning organization. In addition to this trade barriers are removed, there is a push to privatize state-owned enterprises and resources, state and collectively run enterprises are restructured as businesses, and a financial sector is created to facilitate macroeconomic stabilization and the movement of private capital. The process has been applied in China, the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries of Europe and some Third world countries, and detailed work has been undertaken on its economic and social effects.
The transition process is usually characterized by the changing and creating of institutions, particularly private enterprises; changes in the role of the state, thereby, the creation of fundamentally different governmental institutions and the promotion of private-owned enterprises, markets and independent financial institutions. In essence, one transition mode is the functional restructuring of state institutions from being a provider of growth to an enabler, with the private sector its engine. Another transition mode is change the way that economy grows and practice mode. The relationships between these two transition modes are micro and macro, partial and whole. The truly transition economics should include both the micro transition and macro transition. Due to the different initial conditions during the emerging process of the transition from planned economics to market economics, countries uses different transition model. Countries like P.R.China and Vietnam adopted a gradual transition mode, however Russia and some other East-European countries, such as the former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, used a more aggressive and quicker paced model of transition.The term "transition period" is also used to describe the process of transition from capitalism to the first stage of socialism, preceding the establishment of fully developed socialism (aka communism).
Homework Statement
I'm enormously frustrated with these problems. I've been trying to figure out how to find out what the transition matrix between C and B is for about 2 hours and I still can't get it. I've watched 4 youtube videos and read two websites as well as the section in my...
Homework Statement
Let V be the vector space of all symmetric 2x2 matrices, and consider the bases.
S = {
[1 0] [0 1] [0 0]
[0 0],[1 0],[0 1]}
B = {
[1 1] [-1 1] [1 0]
[1 2],[ 1 1],[0 1]}
of V.
Find the transition matrix Ps,b. Use your answer to calculate Pb,s.
Homework Equations
a =...
This is from Krauss' A Universe from Nothing:
It seems like he's saying that before inflation kicked in around 10^-36 or 10^-34 I forget which that the universe, I'm guessing from 10^-43 - 10^-36 was in some sort of false vacuum state, analogous to the way matter changes phase from gas to...
In book
http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/people/horowitz/Teaching/lecturenotes.pdf
in section 2 it is described transition from Poisson bracket into Canonical Commutation Relations.
But it is written
The experimentally observed phenomenon of incompatible measurements suggests that position and...
Homework Statement
I design a markov model to study the availability of a node which will not work unless the network work: I make the following matrix. In which (i,j) means i is node up /down and j is network up/down. R1,R2 means the repair rate for node and network. F1,F2 means the failure...
According to my book, for 1st row Transition Metals, the acidity of a aquo-complex is greater for those elements at the right of the periodic table. They justify this by saying that to the RHS, the cation is more polarizing and weakens the O-H bond to a greater extent.
I do get this, but...
When metals such as sodium react with an acid, a salt and hydrogen gas is produced. and we know for sure the oxidation state of sodium in the compound will be +1. But for other metals such as iron, when they rest with acids which oxidation state do I use? I'm unsure if I'm supposed to use the...
Hi all
How does one calculate the recoil velocity of a hydrogen atom when the electron in it jumps from a higher orbit to a lower orbit (say from 3rd to 1st) ?
Hi all,
I am looking to learn more about boundary layer control devices that can delay boundary layer transition (Laminar to Turbulent) and also BL devices that can delay flow separation.
I have already found loads of info on Vortex Generators but i am having trouble finding info on things...
Problem solved.Homework Statement
The boiling point of a certain liquid is 95OC at the top of a mountain
and 105OC at the bottom. Its latent heat is 1000 cal/mole. Calculate the
height of mountain.
It's Q4 of chapter 15 in Statistical Mechanics by S.K. MaHomework Equations
it should be the...
Hi:
I`m new here, can someone tell me which is the difference between the transition matrix and the Jacobian?, I did some exercises of the both topics, but How is it related?
Thanks for the attention
Sorry for my English writing, but English is not my native language.
Hi,
I wanted to know who has an idea about a mechanism to transit from pressurised environment to vacuum environemtn without losing air.I know airlock does this work but it has some air loss.does anybody have idea?
I thought about some kind of bulb to be produced at the transition place,is it...
Hey all,
If I understand correctly, transition frequency is synonymous with the unity-gain bandwidth frequency. With that said, if you divide the gain at the operating frequency by the transition frequency, you should get the operating frequency. Please correct my logic if I am incorrect...
Hello,
How would you/or is it possible to combine two transitional probability matrices?
Say for example I have 2 matrices that both measure the probability of moving from one state to another (the states are 1, 2 and 3)
Here is a picture
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/54057365/All/TPM1and2.JPG...
Is anyone familiar with this or heard of this concept before?
It started in 1953 by a paper by Dicke published in peer reviewed Physical Review Journal called "Coherence in Spontaneous Radiation Processes" http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v93/i1/p99_1
Then in 1973 Hepp and Lieb published...
I found this on a webpage:
In any transition element series, the number of unpaired electrons first increases from 1 to 5 and then decreases back to the zero .The maximum five unpaired electrons occur at Cr
WHY?' doesn't it occur at MN??
Homework Statement
Consider a system with states |i> (with energy Ei) and |f> with energy eF) AND A PPERTURBATION OF THE FORM w(t)=wcosωt
i) WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY P(t) FOR A TRANSITION BETWEEN |i> AND |f> ?
ii)FOR WHICH VALUE OF ω IS THE PROBABILITY MAXIMAL ?GIVE THE PROBABILITY IN THIS...
Hello, I am currently a second semester sophomore studying Mechanical Engineering thinking about studying Physics at the graduate level after my undergraduate degree is done. My main inquiry is regarding the transition from Mechanical Engineering to Physics. How hard is it exactly (if at all)...
Valence electrons of a transition element...
Here is the electron config. for Iron (Fe) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6. I have two questions about this I've been on for hours...
#1 Which subshell (4s or 3d) has the highest subshell?
-You can say that the 3d has higher energy because you write...
I'm reading through Peskin&Schroeder, and they mention that the probability of transition from a state |\psi_0\rangle to a state |\psi_1\rangle is given by:
\langle \psi_1|H|\psi_0\rangle
where H is the Hamiltonian. Can someone please explain how this formula is derived? Thx
As I understand, a Markov chain transition matrix rewritten in its canonical form is a large matrix that can be separated into quadrants: a zero matrix, an identity matrix, a transient to absorbing matrix, and a transient to transient matrix.
The zero matrix and identity matrix parts are easy...
Hi,
I am not sure it is the right subcategory to post a question on statistical physics. But anyway, I read a couple of times that adding a m^3 to the Landau free energy implies that we may observe a first order transition phase, but I don't see why. Maybe it does imply some discontinuity in...
When transition metal start losing electrons they lose them from the s orbital before the d orbital. Why is this?
The iron(II) ion has 24 electrons in this configuration:
[Ar] 3d6
The neutral chromium atom also has 24 electrons, but in this configuration:
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
I understand that...
Homework Statement
A lifetime of the first excited state for some atom is τ, calculate natural line width for that line.
The Attempt at a Solution
Well, I could use energy-time uncertainty relation
ΔE*Δt=h
then ΔE*τ=h , now I can use a relation E=hc/λ
to obitain Δλ=c*τ , which is...
I was reading an article about phase transition, i read about thermodynamic process such as
Adiabatic process - a process with no heat transfer into or out of the system.
Isochoric process - a process with no change in volume, in which case the system does no work.
Isobaric process - a...
Homework Statement
The J=0 to J=1 transition fro 12C16O carbon monoxide occurs at 1.153x105 MHz. Calculate the value of the bond length in CO.
Homework Equations
2B = h/(4π2I)
μ = m1*m2/(m1+m2)
I = μr2
The Attempt at a Solution
I = 6.61x10-34/ (4*π2*1.153x108) = 1.45x10-43...
The new Dell XPS Studio 9100 has arrived. It has been about 8 years since I have migrated to a new PC, new OS, etc, and I am out of practice. I am migrating from XP SP3 to Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit, and I would like to be able to seamlessly integrate some old favorite apps into the new...
This is really a continuation from another thread but will start here from scratch. Consider the case of a static thin spherical mass shell - outer radius rb, inner radius ra, and (rb-ra)/ra<< 1, and with gravitational radius rs<< r(shell). According to majority opinion at least, in GR the...
Hey, I was going over my electromagnetics course material and I realized we didn't learn much about anisotropic mediums (and still we had some homework questions about them).
I'm trying to find some information about transition between anisotropic mediums, or even to be more specific -...
Hi,
I have completed an undergrad introductory PDEs course using the Strauss text and am now transitioning to graduate PDEs using the Evans text. Though the first parts of these texts treat (generally) the same subjects, there is a vast gap between them in terms of 'mathematical maturity.'...
Does anyone have any advice on transferring to a different engineering discipline? I currently have a BS/MS in nuclear engineering and I'm really growing to dislike it after a little more than 2 years in the workforce. How feasible is it to transition into another field such as electrical or...
Is it possible to use interband transition to design mid-infrared photodetector?
I want to design mid-infrared photodetector based on interband transition.
I could not find any article that use interband transition for mid-infrared photodetector.
Dear Members,
I am strugling with calculations on rapid phase transition (RPT) of CO2 in a high pressure
vessel. I looked everywhere, from isochoric data to ...you name it but can't get there...
The question:
What will the resultant pressure be when solid or liquid CO2 in area A contacts...
Hi -
I have a question here for the board. Ten years ago I received my Bachelors degree in Industrial Manufacturing and Systems Engineering. Due to economic conditions at the time, I took a job as an analyst and before too long, realized that my career veered down the business path.
I am...
Homework Statement
a particle with mass=m is in a 1-D infinite square well of width a. The particle is initially in ground state. A delta function potential V1=k δ(x-a/2) is turned on at t= -t1 and turned off at t=t1. A measurement is made at t2, where t2>t1. What is the probability that the...
Homework Statement
When an electron makes a transition from (n+1) state to nth state, the frequency of emitted radiations is related to n according to (n>>1):
(a)v=\frac{2cRZ^2}{n^3}
(b)v=\frac{cRZ^2}{n^4}
(c)v=\frac{cRZ^2}{n^2}
(a)v=\frac{2cRZ^2}{n^2}
Homework Equations...
Hi all I'm just curious about what a switch like this one entail.
Currently I'm 1 1/2 way through my education at a local community college. Here is a short background on where I stand on this Earth (not physically!).
I just recently began to become motivated and interested in educating...
How do I find the energy difference between 1s and 2p, in a carbon atom? I'm right in assuming this is a constant value, and yet I cannot find the answer anywhere..?
Thanks
I am intrigued by the idea of changing/dynamic transition probability matrix instead of the assumption of constant transition probability between states.
For eg. Probability of population migrating between 2 states might not remain constant and can be a function of its population or some...
So i was doing my school work earlier and i had trouble wrapping my head around this particular topic, even though i was able to finish all of it correctly, i want to make sure it sinks it well so i once again decided to approach these forums :)
We were naming Ionic compounds, specifically...
Hi there
I have been stumped by this (probably simple) math transition in the attached file. Can someone please explain it in full detail?
Big thanks http://postimage.org/image/11vseawf8/"
<< edit by berkeman to post the explicit URL >>
http://postimage.org/image/11vseawf8
Hey folks, I have an orbit in the circular restricted three body problem with initial conditions
[x(0), 0, z(0), 0, y'(0), 0]
I'm following this paper
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984CeMec..32...53H
on how to correct these initial conditions given the state transition matrix at a...
Hi,
I was listening to Susskind's lecture on statistical mechanics (lecture 8). He mentioned in relation to Ising model of magnetized spin systems that there could not be any phase transitions in one dimensions. He mentioned that it has to do with the stability of the system. Can anybody...
Hi,
I'm currently enrolled in a university studying Mechanical Engineering (I'm one of the only girls in my classes). I like it, but I really would like to be doing Civil Engineering or Structural Engineering, but my college doesn't offer it. My advisor told me I could transition to Civil...
Homework Statement
Prove the following theorem by induction:
Let P be the transition matrix of a Markov chain. The ijth entry p(n)ij of the matrix Pn gives the probability that the Markov chain, starting in state si, will be in state sj after n steps.
Homework Equations
p(2)ij =...
Homework Statement
1) The position operator x has a continuous spectrum of engenvalues {x'} with corresponding eigenkets {|x'>}. Expand this state in terms of the position eigenstates.
2) Suppose the transition amplitudes c_a',b' = <a'|b'> are known where {|b'>} are the eigenstates of a...