Axial Gauge V Rubakov: Find Residual Gauge Transforms for Maxwell Eqns

In summary, the problem discussed is finding the residual gauge transformations and general solution for the Maxwell equations in the axial gauge, where a fixed unit three-vector, \vec{\textbf{n}}, is constant in spacetime. The gauge transformation is defined as A'_{\mu}(x)=A_{\mu}(x)+ \partial_{\mu} \alpha(x), with \vec{\textbf{n}} \cdot \vec{\textbf{A}}=0. It is determined that \vec{\textbf{n}} must be orthogonal to \vec\nabla \cdot \alpha, with the specific example of (0,0,0,1) given. The general solution for the Maxwell equations in this gauge is given
  • #1
gasar8
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V. Rubakov: Classical Theory of Gauge Fields, Problem 4: Find the residual gauge transformations and the general solution of the Maxwell equations in the axial gauge ([itex]\vec{\textbf{n}} \cdot \vec{\textbf{A}}=0[/itex]), where [itex]\vec{\textbf{n}}[/itex] is some fixed unit three-vector, which is constant in spacetime.

I am using Rubakov notation, so gauge transformation is [itex]A'_{\mu}(x)=A_{\mu}(x)+ \partial_{\mu} \alpha(x)[/itex] and [itex]\eta_{\mu \nu}=diag(1,-1,-1,-1).[/itex] If [itex]\vec{\textbf{n}} \cdot \vec{\textbf{A}}=0 \Longrightarrow \vec{\textbf{n}} \cdot \vec{\textbf{A}'}=0[/itex], so:
[tex]\vec{\textbf{n}}(\vec{\textbf{A}}-\vec{\nabla} \cdot \alpha)=0\\
\vec{\textbf{n}}(\vec\nabla \cdot \alpha)=0.[/tex]
I assume that form this relation, [itex]\vec{\textbf{n}}[/itex] must be orthogonal to [itex]\vec\nabla \cdot \alpha[/itex], but is there any further or deeper explanation? Do I have to choose particular [itex]\vec{\textbf{n}}[/itex], for example [itex](0,0,0,1)[/itex]? In this case:
[tex]A'_z=0 \\
A_z-\partial_z \alpha = 0 \\
\Longrightarrow \alpha = \int A_z dz+f(x,y,t)[/tex]
I still don't know how to proceed to Maxwell equations.
 
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  • #2
Is there any way to derive them from this relation? The general solution of the Maxwell equations in the axial gauge is given by:A'_{\mu} = \partial_{\mu} \alpha + \epsilon_{\mu \nu \lambda \sigma} \partial^{\nu} \phi^{\lambda \sigma}where \alpha is an arbitrary scalar and \phi_{\mu \nu} is an arbitrary antisymmetric tensor. The residual gauge transformations are of the form:\alpha'=\alpha+\partial_{\mu}\alpha \\\phi'_{\mu \nu}=\phi_{\mu \nu}+\partial_{\mu}\xi_{\nu}-\partial_{\nu}\xi_{\mu}where \xi_{\mu} is an arbitrary vector.
 

1. What is the purpose of using an axial gauge in the Rubakov method?

The axial gauge is used in the Rubakov method to simplify the Maxwell equations and make them easier to solve. This gauge choice reduces the number of independent equations that need to be solved, making the calculations more manageable.

2. How does the axial gauge affect the residual gauge transformations?

In the axial gauge, the residual gauge transformations become simpler and more easily solvable. This is because the gauge-fixing condition in the axial gauge removes certain degrees of freedom, resulting in fewer independent variables to consider.

3. Can the axial gauge be applied to all types of Maxwell equations?

Yes, the axial gauge can be applied to all types of Maxwell equations, including both the vacuum and matter cases. However, the specific gauge-fixing condition may vary depending on the type of equations being considered.

4. What are the limitations of using the axial gauge in the Rubakov method?

The axial gauge may not be suitable for all situations, as it can restrict certain degrees of freedom and may not be the most convenient choice for certain calculations. Additionally, the choice of gauge-fixing condition can also affect the final results.

5. How can the residual gauge transformations be found for Maxwell equations in the Rubakov method?

To find the residual gauge transformations for Maxwell equations in the Rubakov method, the gauge-fixing condition in the axial gauge must be applied to the equations. This will result in a simplified set of equations, which can then be solved to find the specific form of the residual gauge transformations.

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