Damped Oscillation: Finding Time Constant

In summary, the amplitude of an oscillator decreases to 36.8% of its initial value in 10.0 s. To find the value of the time constant, we can use the equation A(t)=A(0)e^(-kt) and solve for k. However, k is not the same as the time constant defined as m/b.
  • #1
Wanderer00
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Homework Statement


The amplitude of an oscillator decreases to 36.8% of its initial value in 10.0 s. What is the value of the time constant?


Homework Equations


xmax=Ae^-bt/2m
Time constant= m/b
xmax(t)= Ae^-t/2(timeconstant)


The Attempt at a Solution


I'm not quite sure where to start with this... because the intitial value isn't known so how would I even get the amplitude?

I found a solution that used A(t)=A(0)e^(-kt) and did this: 0.368A(0)=A(0)e^(-10k) and solved for k, however that wasn't right and I'm wondering why they even thought to use that equation.. is it right?
 
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  • #2
The equation is right. But k is not the time constant if it is defined as m/b.

ehild
 

Related to Damped Oscillation: Finding Time Constant

1. What is damped oscillation?

Damped oscillation refers to a type of motion where an object or system undergoes repeated cycles of movement, but with decreasing amplitude over time due to the presence of a dissipative force.

2. What causes damping in oscillation?

Damping in oscillation is typically caused by external forces such as friction, air resistance, or electrical resistance. These forces act to dissipate the energy of the oscillating system, resulting in a decrease in amplitude over time.

3. How does damping affect the frequency of oscillation?

Damping has the effect of decreasing the frequency of oscillation. As the amplitude decreases over time, the time it takes for one complete cycle also increases, resulting in a lower frequency.

4. What is the difference between underdamped, overdamped, and critically damped oscillation?

Underdamped oscillation refers to a system where the damping force is not strong enough to completely eliminate the oscillation, resulting in a gradual decrease in amplitude. Overdamped oscillation occurs when the damping force is too strong, causing the oscillation to die out quickly. Critically damped oscillation is a special case where the damping force is just enough to reduce the amplitude to zero in the shortest amount of time possible.

5. How is damped oscillation used in real-world applications?

Damped oscillation has various applications in engineering and physics, such as shock absorbers in vehicles, pendulum clocks, and electrical circuits. It is also studied in fields like seismology and acoustics to understand the behavior of waves in different mediums.

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