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rock_pepper_scissors
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Homework Statement
Consider a series of ##N## particles in a line, with the displacement of each particle from its equilibrium position labelled by ##q_{n}## and it conjugate momentum labelled by ##p_n##. Assume that the interaction between the particles is pairwise, so that the Hamiltonian is given by
##H = \Sigma_{n}\ \frac{1}{2m}\ (p_{n}^{2})+ \frac{1}{2}m\omega^{2}(q_{n}-q_{n+1})^{2}##.
Throughout the problem, assume that the boundary conditions are periodic so that ##q_{N+1}=q_{1}##.
(a) Explain why the Fourier transformed variables ##\tilde{q}_{n}## and ##\tilde{p}_{n}## given by
##q_{n}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1}\tilde{q}_{k}e^{2\pi ink/N}## and ##p_{n}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1}\tilde{p}_{k}e^{2\pi ink/N}##
are not Hermitian. Show that ##\tilde{q}_{N-k}^{\dagger}=\tilde{q}_{k}## and ##\tilde{p}_{N-k}^{\dagger}=\tilde{p}_{k}##.
(b) Show that the Fourier modes describe a set of ##N## decoupled harmonic oscillators (Hint: Write the Hamiltonian in terms of the Fourier modes.)
(c) Describe the Hilbert space of this theory in terms of the raising and lowering operators of these ##N## harmonic oscillators. What is the spectrum of this Hamiltonian?
This is a very simple non-relativistic quantum field theory in the large ##N## limit. Under what circumstances would it be appropriate to approximate the displacements ##q_{n}(t)## by a continuous field ##\phi(x,t)##? For what observables would this be a good approximation?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
(a) The inverse Fourier transforms are
##\tilde{q}_{k}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1}q_{n}e^{-2\pi ink/N}## and ##\tilde{p}_{k}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1}p_{n}e^{-2\pi ink/N}##.
I understand that Fourier series can be written as complex exponentials, but I don't understand why the sum is finite. Can someone please explain?
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