Maxwell kinetic energy distribution

In summary, the conversation discusses how to find the fraction of molecules with kinetic energy between two specified values using the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution function. The suggested approach involves using the speed distribution equation and multiplying it by the total number of particles to obtain a number density function. The range of speeds is determined using the kinetic energy equation, and the density function is then integrated between these values. There is already a thread on this topic and it is advised to ask for clarification there if needed.
  • #1
TeslaPow
40
1
Hello.

I need some guidance on how to find the fraction of molecules with KE between K1 and K2 from the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution function.

maxwell-kinetic.jpg


Here's an link to an earlier post where the speed distribution was integrated, how will I proceed with the kinetic energy distribution?

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/maxwell-boltzmann-distribution.757539/#post-4772356

maxwell_kinetic.jpg
 

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  • #2
Take your first equation from your first insert, the speed distribution which is a probability density function.
Now multiply by your total number of particles to make it a number density function. Remembering that ##KE=\tfrac{1}{2}m v^2## you have ##v_{1,2}=\sqrt{\frac{2K_{1,2}}{m}}## to get your range of speeds ##v_1## and ##v_2##. Integrate the density function between these two values.
 
  • #3

What is the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution?

The Maxwell kinetic energy distribution is a probability distribution that describes the distribution of speeds of particles in a gas at a given temperature. It was developed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century and is also known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.

What factors affect the shape of the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution?

The shape of the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution is affected by the temperature of the gas, the mass of the particles, and the type of gas. Higher temperatures result in a broader distribution with more particles having higher speeds, while heavier particles have a lower average speed and a narrower distribution.

How is the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution related to the ideal gas law?

The Maxwell kinetic energy distribution is related to the ideal gas law through the root-mean-square (rms) speed of the gas particles. The rms speed is equal to the square root of the average kinetic energy of the particles, which is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas according to the ideal gas law.

What does the area under the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution curve represent?

The area under the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution curve represents the total number of particles in the gas. This is because the probability of a particle having a certain speed is proportional to the area under the curve at that speed.

How does the shape of the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution change with increasing temperature?

As the temperature of the gas increases, the Maxwell kinetic energy distribution becomes broader and more spread out. This means that there is a higher probability of particles having higher speeds, and the average speed of the particles also increases. This is because higher temperatures result in more kinetic energy being available to the particles.

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