The Venturi effect is a phenomenon in fluid dynamics where a fluid's velocity increases and its pressure decreases as it flows through a constricted section of a pipe. This was discovered by Italian physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi in the 18th century.
The Venturi effect works due to the conservation of energy in a fluid. As the fluid flows through a narrow section of a pipe, its velocity increases to conserve the same amount of energy. This increase in velocity leads to a decrease in pressure according to the Bernoulli's principle.
The low pressure tube in a Venturi tube allows the fluid to flow through a narrow section, increasing its velocity and decreasing its pressure. This is used to measure the flow rate of a fluid and can also be used in applications such as carburetors in cars.
The fluid flows from the low pressure tube to the high pressure tube due to the pressure difference created by the Venturi effect. As the fluid flows through the narrow section, its pressure decreases. This creates a pressure difference between the low pressure and high pressure tubes, causing the fluid to flow from the low pressure tube to the high pressure tube.
The fluid flow in a Venturi tube is affected by several factors such as the diameter of the tubes, the shape of the constriction, and the density of the fluid. These factors can impact the velocity and pressure of the fluid and ultimately affect the efficiency of the Venturi tube.