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Why PPAR-gamma is called peroxisome proliferator activator receptor? What connection does it have with peroxisome per se? Does it proliferate the number of peroxisomes inside a cell?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptorPPARs were originally identified in Xenopus frogs as receptors that induce the proliferation of peroxisomes in cells.[7] The first PPAR (PPARα) was discovered during the search of a molecular target for a group of agents then referred to as peroxisome proliferators, as they increased peroxisomal numbers in rodent liver tissue, apart from improving insulin sensitivity.[8] These agents, pharmacologically related to the fibrates were discovered in the early 1980s. When it turned out that PPARs played a much more versatile role in biology, the agents were in turn termed PPAR ligands. The best-known PPAR ligands are the thiazolidinediones; see below for more details.
The name PPAR-gamma comes from its function as a receptor that activates the proliferation of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are organelles responsible for breaking down fatty acids, and PPAR-gamma plays a crucial role in regulating the genes involved in this process.
PPAR-gamma is a nuclear receptor that controls the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. It plays a key role in maintaining metabolic balance and is also involved in inflammation and cell differentiation.
PPAR-gamma binds to specific DNA sequences called PPAR response elements (PPREs) located in the promoter region of target genes. This binding activates or represses the transcription of these genes, leading to changes in their expression levels.
PPAR-gamma has been linked to various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Its role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in these conditions.
Yes, there are several drugs that target PPAR-gamma, including thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are used to treat type 2 diabetes. These drugs bind to PPAR-gamma and activate its function, leading to improved insulin sensitivity and glucose control. However, there may be potential side effects associated with these drugs, so their use should be carefully monitored.