Why reaction between alkali metals and water exothermic?

In summary, the reaction between alkali metals and water is exothermic because it forms ion pairs, and cation hydration is strongly exothermic. This can be seen through the net energy calculation and comparison to heat of formation tables. Additionally, a common paraffin wax candle produces approximately 4 times more heat than the reaction observed in this lab study.
  • #1
terryds
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Why the reaction between alkali metals and water exothermic??
I know that it produces heat to surroundings
But, what actually happens?? Why it gives heat to surroundings??

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/thermo/faq/exothermic-endothermic-examples.shtml says that when forming ion pairs (like ionization reaction), it is endothermic (since it needs some heat to get the electron out)

But, the reaction between alkali metals and water is

2M(s) + 2H2O(l) => 2M+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) + H2(g)

Which forms ions pair..
But, it's not endothermic, but exothermic.. Why?
 
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  • #2
Cation hydration is strongly exothermic.
 
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  • #3
2Nao(s) <=> 2Na+(aq) + 2e- Eo = -2.71 volts
H2O(l) + 2e- <=> 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) Eo = -0.83 volts
2Nao + 2H2O(l) <=> 2Na+(aq) 2OH- + H2(g) Enet = (Eredn - Eoxdn = [(-0.83v) - (-2.71v) = 1.88v (net)

∆ G = - nFEo = -[(2e-)(96,500C)(1.88v) = -362,840 joules = - 363 Kj

Compares well with Heat of Formation Tables using Hess's Law
ΔHrxn = [∑ΔHf(P) - ΣΔHf(R)] = [2mole(-240.1Kj/mole) + 2(-230.0Kj/mole)] - [-(2(285.8 Kj/mol)] = - 368.6 Kj
4
A common 1" diameter Parraffin wax candle will gives off about 4x more heat than in this lab study;i.e., ~ 1.2 x 10 4 Kj/mole wax.

 

1. Why do alkali metals react with water?

Alkali metals are highly reactive elements that have one valence electron in their outermost energy level. This makes them very unstable and eager to bond with other elements to achieve a stable electron configuration. When in contact with water, the alkali metal atoms lose their valence electron and form positively charged ions, resulting in a highly exothermic reaction.

2. What makes the reaction between alkali metals and water exothermic?

The reaction between alkali metals and water is exothermic because it releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat. This is due to the strong attraction between the positively charged alkali metal ions and the negatively charged water molecules, which causes a rapid exchange of electrons and the formation of new chemical bonds.

3. Why is water used as the reactant in this reaction?

Water is used as the reactant in this reaction because it is a polar molecule with a slightly negative oxygen atom and two slightly positive hydrogen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to easily interact with the positively charged alkali metal ions, resulting in a vigorous and exothermic reaction.

4. Are all alkali metals equally reactive with water?

No, the reactivity of alkali metals with water varies depending on the element. For example, lithium is the least reactive, followed by sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, which is the most reactive. This is due to differences in their atomic structure and their ability to lose electrons.

5. Is the reaction between alkali metals and water dangerous?

Yes, the reaction between alkali metals and water can be very dangerous. The release of a large amount of heat and the production of flammable hydrogen gas can cause explosions and fires. It is important to handle these reactions with caution and to have proper safety measures in place.

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