Thanks for the suggestions. I've discovered a book called "Prime Numbers: The Most Mysterious Figures in Math" which I really like. It may sound like a popularized math book, but it's actually like "Unsolved Problems in Number Theory" by Guy, though it lists topics that are solved and unsolved...
Sorry about digging up an old thread, but I've never encountered such notation before. Is this an older notation? I'm not in physics so I don't understand the explanation given above.
Here's a simple question that I can't seem to get:
"Suppose for some v T^{m-1}v\neq 0 and T^mv=0. Prove that (v,Tv,...,T^{m-1}v) is linearly independent."
I know that m\leq \dim V and v,Tv,...,T^{m-1}v are all nonzero.