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----exerpt TWF #222---
Now I want to talk about Loops '05!
Instead of trying to review all the talks - a hopeless task, since there were 86 - I'll just mention the two strands of work I find most exciting.
First, there's new evidence that a quantum theory of pure gravity (meaning gravity without matter) makes sense in 4-dimensional spacetime.
To understand why this is exciting, you have to realize that in some quarters, the conventional wisdom says a quantum theory of pure gravity can't possibly make sense, except as a crude approximation at large distance scales, because this theory is "perturbatively nonrenormalizable".
Very roughly, this means that as we zoom in and look at the theory at shorter and shorter distance scales, it looks less and less like a "free field theory" where gravitons zip about without interacting. Instead, the interactions get stronger and more complicated!
So, in the jargon of the trade, we don't get a "Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point".
Huh?
Well, roughly, an "ultraviolet fixed point" is a quantum field theory that keeps looking the same as you keep viewing it on shorter and shorter distance scales. A "Gaussian" ultraviolet fixed point is one that's also a free quantum field theory: one where particles don't interact.
If quantum gravity approached a Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point as we zoomed in, we could calculate what gravitons do at arbitrarily high energies (at least perturbatively, as power series in Newton's constant - no guarantee that these series converge). Particle physicists would then be happy and say the theory was "perturbatively renormalizable".
But, it's not.
The conventional wisdom concludes that to save quantum gravity, we must include matter of precisely the right sort to make it perturbatively renormalizable. This is the quest that led people first to supergravity and ultimately to superstring theory - see "week195" for more of this story.
But, as far back as 1979, the particle physicist Weinberg raised the possibility that pure quantum gravity is "nonperturbatively renormalizable", or "asymptotically safe". This means that as we zoom in and look at the theory at shorter and shorter distance scales, it approaches some theory other than that of noninteracting gravitons.
In other words, Weinberg was suggesting that pure quantum gravity approaches a non-obvious ultraviolet fixed point - possibly a "non-Gaussian" one.
The big news is that this seems to be true!
----end quote---
JB I will answer your next post's question here, with an EDIT, to save making a separate post.
How'd you manage that?
Just coincidence. I happened to visit your site a little while ago to see if #222 was up, and it was, so I came here and put link. Your presence here is a pleasure. Hope to hear more about the conference eventually.