Why is oxalic acid called ethane-dioic acid

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Oxalic acid is systematically named "ethanedioic acid" according to IUPAC nomenclature because it is a dicarboxylic acid with two carbon atoms. The naming convention considers all carbon atoms present in the molecule, leading to the use of the prefix "ethane" for two carbons. Other dicarboxylic acids follow a similar naming pattern, such as malonic acid being called "propanedioic acid" and succinic acid "butanedioic acid." This systematic approach applies consistently across various carboxylic acids, emphasizing the importance of carbon count in their nomenclature. Understanding these conventions clarifies why oxalic acid is referred to as ethanedioic acid despite its two carboxylic groups.
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Why is oxalic acid called ethane-dioic acid even if it has nothing else but 2 carboxylic group??
 
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By convention, IUPAC nomenclature takes all carbons into consideration.
Carboxylic acids are nothing special //

For example, oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid containing two carbons;
hence, it is (systematically) named "ethanedioic acid" by IUPAC convention
(hyphenation is not required here).

Similarly,
malonic acid is "propanedioic acid",
succinic acid is "butanedioic acid",
glutaric acid is "pentanedioic acid",
adipic acid is "hexanedioic acid",
pimelic acid is "heptanedioic acid",
suberic acid is "octanedioic acid",
azelaic acid is "nonanedioic acid",
sebacic acid is "decanedioic acid",

..and so on...
 

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