Optics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the instruments used to detect it.
The two main branches of optics are geometric optics, which studies the behavior of light as rays, and physical optics, which focuses on the wave nature of light.
Light can be affected by different mediums in various ways, such as refraction, reflection, absorption, and scattering. These interactions can change the direction, speed, and intensity of light.
A convex lens is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, causing light rays to converge and form a real image. A concave lens is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges, causing light rays to diverge and form a virtual image.
The eye works by using its lens to focus light onto the retina, where photoreceptor cells convert the light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain. The brain then interprets these signals as visual images.