Electromotive force (emf) is the energy that drives current through a circuit and is defined as the potential difference between two points, measured in volts. It does not move itself; rather, it represents the voltage available when a circuit is open. When current flows, the actual voltage at the terminals may differ from the emf due to internal resistance. Charge carriers, which are electrons, flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, but conventional current direction is considered to be from positive to negative. This distinction is important for understanding electrical circuits and current flow.
