About acoustics physics -- The Wave Equation and diminishing sound intensity

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the wave equation in acoustics physics, specifically the equation $$\frac{\partial^2\psi}{\partial t^2}=c^2 \nabla^2 \psi$$, which describes sound pressure and propagation speed. The inverse square law is highlighted as a key principle for understanding sound intensity reduction over distance. The user, Nunzio Luigi, seeks to calculate the necessary power output of a sound diffusor to achieve a specific sound intensity of 50 dB, given a maximum power output of 150W. The moderator provides additional insights into the relationship between acoustic pressure, intensity, and sound pressure level (SPL).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the wave equation in acoustics
  • Knowledge of sound intensity and sound pressure level (SPL)
  • Familiarity with the inverse square law in physics
  • Basic concepts of acoustic power and its measurement
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of the wave equation in acoustics
  • Learn how to calculate sound intensity using the formula $$I = \frac{W}{4\pi r^2}$$
  • Explore the relationship between acoustic pressure and intensity using $$I=\frac{p^2}{\rho c}$$
  • Investigate the effects of distance on sound intensity and SPL in practical scenarios
USEFUL FOR

Acoustics students, audio engineers, sound designers, and anyone interested in the physics of sound propagation and intensity calculations.

Nunzio Luigi
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Hello everyone! :-)
Actually I'm starting to understand acoustics physics and I figured actually out about this equation:

$$\frac{\partial^2\psi}{\partial t^2}=c^2 \nabla^2 \psi$$

which describes practically about pressure and propagation speed into space and time. I know also this equation describes practically also the decrement of sound intensity in time from a source to a destination...if we would talk about particle pressure it's decrement of pressure in space by inverse square-law.
So knowing, for spherical waves , the sound intensity in a certain point of time is:

$$I = \frac{W}{4\pi r^2}$$

and supposing to have a sound diffusor with max power output of 150W and knowing human ear voice range audibility is about 40dB-60dB and supposing I want to have I = 50dB at the time entering in my ear so how I can calculate which power output I have to set the sound diffusor to obtain that intensity I I said before?

Could you help me with this little example so I can understand and study all steps to obtain all values in all situations?

Thanks in advance to all!
Cheers,
Nunzio Luigi

<Moderator's note: LaTeX fixed. Please see https://www.physicsforums.com/help/latexhelp/>
 
Last edited by a moderator:
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The rms acoustic pressure at 94 dB SPL is 1 Pa. The acoustic intensity (far from the emitter) depends on the acoustic pressure as:##\it I=\frac{p^2}{\rho c}##, where ##\it\rho## is the density and ##\it c## the speed of sound. Now you can find different relationships between acoustic power, intensity, distance and SPL.
 

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