AC theory is the study of electrical circuits that involve alternating current (AC) instead of direct current (DC). It includes the behavior and properties of components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors when connected in an AC circuit.
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or resists the flow of current in an electrical circuit. A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating charge on its plates. An inductor is a component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field when current flows through it.
In a series connection, the components are connected end-to-end, with the same current flowing through each component. In an AC circuit, the total impedance of the series connection is equal to the sum of the individual impedances of each component.
The equation for calculating total impedance in a series connection is Z = R + (1/jωC) + jωL, where Z is the total impedance, R is the resistance, C is the capacitance, L is the inductance, ω is the angular frequency, and j is the imaginary unit.
In a series connection, the total impedance increases as more components are added. This is because the individual impedances add together, resulting in a higher total impedance. Additionally, the phase angle between voltage and current also changes with each component added in series.