To accelerate a 0.2 gram projectile to 300 m/s over a distance of 80 cm, the required force can be calculated using the relationship between mass, acceleration, and distance. The equation E = F * S relates energy, force, and distance, but additional equations involving kinetic energy and Newton's second law may be necessary. The discussion emphasizes the need to identify relevant equations that incorporate mass, velocity, and force to find the solution. Participants are encouraged to explore various physics principles to derive the necessary force. Understanding these concepts is crucial for solving the problem effectively.