Acceleration in Plance Polar Coordinates

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the expression for acceleration in polar coordinates, specifically the components of acceleration represented by the formula ##a=(\ddot{r}-r(\ddot{\theta})^2)\hat{r}+(r\ddot{\theta}+2\dot{r}\dot{\theta})\hat{\theta}##. Participants are exploring the meaning and derivation of the terms involved, including centripetal and Coriolis acceleration, as well as the behavior of unit vectors in polar coordinates.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks to understand why the term ##-r(\ddot{\theta})^2## has an opposite direction to ##\hat{r}## and why the term ##2\dot{r}\dot{\theta}## is multiplied by 2.
  • Another participant explains that the terms arise from the derivatives of the unit vectors in polar coordinates, emphasizing the need to apply the chain rule when differentiating the radial part of the velocity.
  • Some participants assert that the negative sign indicates that centripetal acceleration acts opposite to ##\hat{r}##, while also identifying the term with 2 as representing Coriolis acceleration.
  • There is a claim that the centripetal acceleration term should involve ##\dot{\theta}## instead of ##\ddot{\theta}##, suggesting a potential correction to the original expression.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the specific terms in the acceleration formula, particularly regarding the inclusion of ##\dot{\theta}## versus ##\ddot{\theta}## in the centripetal acceleration term. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing interpretations of the terms involved.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the derivatives of unit vectors in polar coordinates, indicating that the behavior of these vectors is not straightforward and may depend on the context of their application.

Gbox
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I am looking to understand more about ##a=(\ddot{r}-r(\ddot{\theta})^2)\hat{r}+(r\ddot{\theta}+2\dot{r}\dot{\theta})\hat{\theta}##

I understand the terms ##\ddot{r}## and ##r\ddot{\theta}## ,but why ##-r(\ddot{\theta})^2## has opposite direction to ##\hat{r}## and why ##2\dot{r}\dot{\theta}## is multiply by 2
 
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These terms came from the derivatives of the unit vectors. In polar coordinates the unit vectors are not constants. They have constant magnitude but direction changes from point to point.
When you take the derivative of ##\dot{r}\hat{r}## (the radial part of the velocity) you need to use the chain rule:
##\ddot{r} \hat{r}+ \dot{r} \dot{\hat{r}}##
Look up the derivatives of the unit vectors. (Hint: the derivative of ## \hat{r} ## is along ##\hat{\theta}## and viceversa
After you do the same for the angular part and collect the terms you will get that formula.
 
nasu said:
These terms came from the derivatives of the unit vectors. In polar coordinates the unit vectors are not constants. They have constant magnitude but direction changes from point to point.
When you take the derivative of ##\dot{r}\hat{r}## (the radial part of the velocity) you need to use the chain rule:
##\ddot{r} \hat{r}+ \dot{r} \dot{\hat{r}}##
Look up the derivatives of the unit vectors. (Hint: the derivative of ## \hat{r} ## is along ##\hat{\theta}## and viceversa
After you do the same for the angular part and collect the terms you will get that formula.
Yes, I understand that, I am just trying to get some intuition for the terms I mention
 
The negative sign shows that the centripetal acceleration is opposite to ## \hat{r} ##.
The term with 2 is the Coriolis acceleration.
 
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nasu said:
The negative sign shows that the centripetal acceleration is opposite to ## \hat{r} ##.
The term with 2 is the Coriolis acceleration.
Also, that centripetal acceleration term should have ##\dot{\theta}##, not ##\ddot{\theta}##.
 

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