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Suppose a 1 degree of freedom system. Then, the action variable J is defined by
J\equiv\oint p(q)dq
where the integral is taken over a period of p(q). What shall this period be in the case of say, an harmonic oscillator, where the path in phase-space is an ellipse and hence p(q) is not even single-valued?
J\equiv\oint p(q)dq
where the integral is taken over a period of p(q). What shall this period be in the case of say, an harmonic oscillator, where the path in phase-space is an ellipse and hence p(q) is not even single-valued?