I think that even a simple repetition of the Carrington event will be disastrous. We do not have to look at an event 9,000 years ago. 160 years are sufficient.
It seems every kind of event where the Earth survives shows a scar of some sort that scientists can discover. Only a catastropic event of a similar type occurring over another might destroy any prior evidence but we would never know because there’s no evidence to know.
Theres an interesting book on catastropic events called The Doomsday Book where several different types of events are described and their aftereffects are explained in greater detail.