The discussion explores the idea of replacing the traditional concept of survival in evolution with that of anticipated well-being, suggesting that even primitive life forms may possess a sense of well-being. It questions whether the pursuit of well-being can influence gene propagation, emphasizing that the success of a phenotype is ultimately measured by its genetic contribution to future generations. The conversation highlights examples like Genghis Khan, who achieved reproductive success through violent means, and discusses how cultural factors can affect genetic distribution in populations. It also touches on the complexities of human behavior, such as celibacy in religious orders and the role of non-reproductive individuals in community child-rearing. The thread argues that constructs beyond genetics, including anticipated well-being and social bonds, significantly influence heredity and the evolution of species.