Optimizing F to Find the Optimal Theta Value

In summary: Yes, it is.If you insert the \theta=\theta_{m} in that expression, you could see that it is zero.Hence, no worries about it.i don't get the follwing line:Hence, no worries about it.There are no terms in the 2.derivative that involve the derivative of the numerator.
  • #1
Anood
14
0
a)In terms of theta,µk and w calculate F.
b)for w=400 N and µk=.25, calculate F and theta ranging from 0 to 90 in
increments of 10.Graph F versus theta.
c)From the general expression in part (a) calculate the value of theta for which
the value of F, required to maintain constatnt speed, is a minimum.(Hint: At a
point where a function is minimum, what are the first and second derivatives of
the function? Here F is a function of theta.)for the special case of w=400 N and
µk=.25,evaluate this optimal theta and compare your result to the graph you
constructed in part b.


Homework Equations



i need help with part c

c)From the general expression in part (a) calculate the value of theta for which
the value of F, required to maintain constatnt speed, is a minimum.(Hint: At a
point where a function is minimum, what are the first and second derivatives of
the function? Here F is a function of theta.)for the special case of w=400 N and
µk=.25,evaluate this optimal theta and compare your result to the graph you
constructed in part b.


The Attempt at a Solution



this is the solution for part a:
F = µk*w / (cos(theta) + µk*sin(theta))

the problem is that i don't know how to get the dervitives in order to solve part c
 
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  • #2
Just differentiate F with respect to the angle once first. What do you get?
 
  • #3
df/dtheta= w*uk*[-sin(theta)+uk*cos(theta)]/[cos(theta)+uk*sin(theta)]^2
 
  • #4
is what i did right? i mean squring the denomenator?
 
  • #5
Indeed!
So, where can the extrema of F wrt. to the angle occur?

EDIT:
You should have a minus in front of the whole expression.
 
  • #6
i don't think there must be a minus in front of the whole expression.

what do u mean by where can the extrema of F wrt?
 
  • #7
Oh yes, it should!
[tex]\frac{d}{dx}\frac{1}{u(x)}=-\frac{u'(x)}{(u(x))^{2}}[/tex]
by elementary application of the chain rule.

What does "extrema" of a function refer to?
 
  • #8
is it that i have to set it equal to zero and solve for theta?
 
  • #9
Anood said:
is it that i have to set it equal to zero and solve for theta?

Extreme values of a function consist of the function's minima and maxima.
So yes, setting the expression for the derivative equal to zero, and solving for the angles lying strictly betwen 0 and 90 will give you the extrema in the interior of the reigon.
Afterwards, you must determine whether this is a local minimum or maximum.
 
  • #10
shouldn't i first take the 2nd dervitive?
 
  • #11
Why?
Can't you just determine first the simple fact that the critical point of f happens at the angle [itex]\theta_{m}[/itex], which satisfies the equation:
[tex]\tan(\theta_{m})=\mu_{k}[/tex]
To simplify computation of the 2.derivative, remember that AT this critical value, the expression in the 1.derivative's numerator is zero.
Hence, any term in the 2.derivative that gets multiplied by that numerator expression will disappear when inserting [itex]\theta_{m}[/itex]
 
  • #12
i'm a bit confused. Can you simplify your explanation please?
 
  • #13
Well, start with determining the critical value, i.e, where the derivative of f is 0
 
  • #14
w*uk*[sin(theta)-uk*cos(theta)]/[cos(theta)+uk*sin(theta)]^2=0

i couldn't solve for theta it's very complicated. Need your help!
 
  • #15
Well, multply both sides with the denominator.
 
  • #16
i see now how we get [tex]\tan(\theta_{m})=\mu_{k}[/tex]
what's next?
 
  • #17
Now, remember that [itex]-\sin\theta_{m}+\mu_{k}\cos\theta_{m}=0[/itex]
Remember when you use the rule of fractions when differentiating, one of the terms in the numerator will have as a factor the derivative of the denominator.

However, when evaluated at [itex]\theta=\theta_{k}[/itex], that derivative is, of course, 0. Therefore, that term in the 2.derivative's numerator vanishes.

Thus, in order to evaluate the second derivative at [itex]\theta=\theta_{k}[/itex], just keep the term including the derivative of the numerator.
 
  • #18
i don't get the follwing line:
Thus, in order to evaluate the second derivative at [itex]\theta=\theta_{k}[/itex]
, just keep the term including the derivative of the numerator
 
  • #19
Well, just find the 2.derivative, then!
Afterwards, do not multiply out parentheses before inserting [itex]\theta_{k}[/itex], and see what simplifications occur.
 
  • #20
what's the dervitaive of u'(x)/u(x)
 
  • #21
That, you should find out by yourself.
Do you understand what expression u(x) stands for?
 
  • #22
it's (n) *u(x)^(n-1) right?
 
  • #23
No, think again.
 
  • #24
the 2nd dervitive is the following;

[cos(theta)+uk*sin(theta)]^2*(w*uk*[cos(theta)-uk*cos(theta)-sin(theta)-uk*sin(theta)]/([cos(theta)+uk*sin(theta)]^2)^2
 

What are Newton's three laws of motion?

Newton's first law states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

How do Newton's laws apply to real-life situations?

Newton's laws can be applied to various real-life situations, such as the motion of a car, the flight of an airplane, or the movement of a ball. These laws help us understand how forces affect the motion of objects and how to predict and control their movements.

What is the difference between mass and weight in relation to Newton's laws?

Mass is a measure of an object's inertia, or resistance to changes in motion, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. Newton's laws apply to both mass and weight, but the mass of an object remains constant while its weight may vary depending on the strength of the gravitational force.

How do friction and air resistance affect Newton's laws?

Friction is a force that opposes motion and can affect an object's acceleration, according to Newton's second law. Air resistance is a type of friction that occurs when an object moves through the air, and it can slow down the object's motion. Both friction and air resistance must be taken into account when applying Newton's laws to real-life situations.

Can Newton's laws be applied to objects in space?

Yes, Newton's laws can be applied to objects in space, such as planets orbiting around the sun. The gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them, and according to Newton's laws, the force of gravity affects the motion of these objects.

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