Approximation of \hbar\omega << k_{B}T for Proving Formula

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the approximation of the condition \(\hbar\omega << k_{B}T\) and its implications for deriving formulas related to black body radiation. Participants explore how this approximation affects the behavior of the equations governing thermal radiation and the transition to the Rayleigh–Jeans law.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that under the condition \(\hbar\omega << k_{B}T\), the expression \(\frac{\hbar\omega}{e^{\frac{\hbar\omega}{k_{B}T}} - 1}\) simplifies to \(k_{B}T\).
  • Another participant suggests that the black body radiation equation can be approximated to the Rayleigh–Jeans law when \(\hbar\omega\) is much smaller than \(k_{B}T\).
  • One participant notes that the approximation \(e^x - 1 \simeq x\) for small \(x\) is relevant to this discussion, indicating a mathematical basis for the simplification.
  • A participant shares their original expression for energy density and seeks guidance on deriving the intensity of black body radiation from it.
  • Another participant advises replacing \(e^{\frac{\hbar\omega}{kT}} - 1\) with \(\frac{\hbar\omega}{kT}\) to facilitate the derivation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of the approximation and its application to the derivation of black body radiation intensity. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact steps and interpretations of the approximations involved.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on the assumption that \(\hbar\omega\) is significantly less than \(k_{B}T\) and the potential for different interpretations of the mathematical steps involved in the derivation.

spaghetti3451
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Prove

[tex]\hbar\omega << k_{B}T \Rightarrow \frac{\hbar\omega}{e^{\frac{\hbar\omega}{k_{B}T} - 1}[/tex].
 
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I meant that

[tex]\hbar\omega << k_{B}T \Rightarrow \frac{ \hbar \omega}{e^{ \frac{ \hbar \omega}{ k_{B} T} - 1} = k_{B} T.[/tex]
 
I assume you're trying to ask about the black body radiation equation,

[tex]I(f, T) =\frac{ 2 h f^{3}}{c^2}\frac{1}{ e^{\frac{h f}{kT}}-1}[/tex]

and why when [itex]hf << kT[/itex] this equation approximates to the Rayleigh–Jeans law,

[tex]I(f, T) =\frac{ 2 k T f^{2}}{c^2}[/tex]
 
Last edited:
The simple reason is that

[tex]e^x - 1 \simeq x[/tex]

for small x.

This is actually just e^x replaced with the first two terms of it's Taylor series.
 
Thank you for your answer.

Actually, this was my original expression.

[tex]u(\omega) =\frac{ \hbar \omega^{3}}{ \pi^{2} c^{3}}\frac{1}{ e^{\frac{ \hbar \omega}{kT}}-1}[/tex].

How do I derive the intensity of a black body (as above) from this expression?
 
Do as uart suggested- replace
[tex]e^{\frac{\hbar\omega}{kT}}-1[/tex]
with
[tex]\frac{\hbar\omega}{kT}[/tex]
 

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