Undergrad Average of the B-field over a volume and surface integrals

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the method of calculating the average of the magnetic field ##\textbf{B}## over a volume using surface integrals, as proposed by Purcell in the third edition of his work. Specifically, it highlights that taking surface integrals over equally spaced planes, such as ##S_2## and ##S_3##, effectively samples the volume elements, thus providing a valid approach to compute the volume average of ##\textbf{B}##. The connection between the volume average $$\frac{1}{V}\int \textbf{B} dv$$ and the surface integrals $$\int_{S_2} \textbf{B} \cdot d\textbf{s}_{2}$$ and $$\int_{S_3} \textbf{B} \cdot d\textbf{s}_{3}$$ is explored, with references to the divergence theorem and Gauss's law, leading to the conclusion that $$\oint_{S_2+S_3} \mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{s}=0$$ implies a relationship between the integrals over the surfaces.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of magnetic fields and their representation as vector fields.
  • Familiarity with surface integrals and volume integrals in vector calculus.
  • Knowledge of Gauss's law and the divergence theorem.
  • Basic interpolation techniques for estimating values between known data points.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of the divergence theorem in electromagnetism.
  • Learn about surface integrals in vector calculus, particularly in the context of magnetic fields.
  • Explore interpolation techniques for estimating integrals over surfaces.
  • Review the implications of Gauss's law for magnetic fields in closed surfaces.
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, electrical engineers, and students studying electromagnetism who seek to deepen their understanding of magnetic field calculations and integral methods.

Aaron121
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Purcell says that taking the surface integral of the magnetic field ##\textbf{B}## over the surfaces ##S_{1}, S_{2}, S_{3},...## below is a good way of finding the average of the volume integral of ##\textbf{B}## in the neighborhood of these surfaces.

1gUI9.png

More specifically, he says in page ##553## of the third edition,

Now taking the surface integral over a series of equally spaced planes like that is a perfectly good way to compute the volume average of the field ##\textbf{B}## in that neighborhood, for it samples all volume elements impartially.
I can't really see the connection between the volume average of ##\textbf{B}## over, say, the volume between ##S_2## and ##S_3 ## $$\frac{1}{V}\int \textbf{B} dv$$ and the surface integrals of ##\textbf{B}## over ##S_2## and ##S_3## $$\int_{S_3} \textbf{B}\cdot d\textbf{s}_{3},~~\int_{S_2} \textbf{B} \cdot d\textbf{s}_{2}.$$ Any indications?
 
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This looks like it is some application of divergence theorem but I can't figure it out.

Also the way the surfaces are given in the figure, if we apply gauss's law in integral form for the magnetic field and in the closed surface consisting of ##S_2##+ ##S_3## we can conclude that it is $$\oint_{S_2+S_3} \mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{s}=0 \Rightarrow \iint_{S_2} \mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{s_2}=-\iint_{S_3}\mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{s_3}$$
 
One other thing I can think of, and especially that the figure provided inspires me to think, is by using some interpolation technique to be able to compute $$f(x)=\iint_{S_x}\mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{s_x}$$ for any parallel plane surface ##S_x## between ##S_2## and ##S_3##, and then to compute the volume integral
$$\iiint |\mathbf{B}|dV\approx\int_{x_2}^{x_3} f(x)dx$$
 
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