MHB Bob's question at Yahoo Answers regarding an indefinite integral

Click For Summary
The integral of tan^3(1/z)/z^2 dz can be solved using the substitution u = 1/z, which transforms the integral into -∫tan^3(u) du. By applying the Pythagorean identity, the integral is rewritten and split into two parts: -∫tan(u) sec^2(u) du and ∫sin(u)/cos(u) du. After further substitutions, the final result is expressed as ln|sec(1/z)| - (1/2)tan^2(1/z) + C. This solution provides a clear method for integrating the given function.
MarkFL
Gold Member
MHB
Messages
13,284
Reaction score
12
Here is the question:

I need help integrating a Calculus 2 problem?

How do I integrate tan^3(1/z)/z^2 dz
Please show all work and thanks for the help

I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can see my work.
 
Mathematics news on Phys.org
Hello Bob,

We are given to integrate:

$$\int\frac{\tan^3\left(\frac{1}{z} \right)}{z^2}\,dz$$

Let's use the substitution:

$$u=\frac{1}{z}\,\therefore\,du=-\frac{1}{z^2}\,dz$$

and the integral becomes:

$$-\int\tan^3(u)\,du$$

Next, let's employ the Pythagorean identity $$\tan^2(x)+1=\sec^2(x)$$, and rewrite the integral as:

$$-\int\tan(u)\cdot\tan^2(u)\,du=-\int\tan(u)\left(\sec^2(u)-1 \right)\,du=-\int\tan(u)\sec^2(u)-\tan(u)\,du=$$

$$\int\frac{\sin(u)}{\cos(u)}\,du-\int\tan(u)\sec^2(u)\,du$$

On the first integral, use the substitution:

$$v=\cos(u)\,\therefore\,dv=-\sin(u)\,du$$

On the second integral, use the substitution:

$$w=\tan(u)\,\therefore\,dw=\sec^2(u)\,du$$

And now we have:

$$-\int\frac{1}{v}\,dv-\int w\,dw=-\ln|v|-\frac{w^2}{2}+C$$

Back-substituting for $v$ and $w$, we have:

$$\ln|\sec(u)|-\frac{1}{2}\tan^2(u)+C$$

Back-substituting for $u$, we have:

$$\ln\left|\sec\left(\frac{1}{z} \right) \right|-\frac{1}{2}\tan^2\left(\frac{1}{z} \right)+C$$

Hence, we may state:

$$\int\frac{\tan^3\left(\frac{1}{z} \right)}{z^2}\,dz=\ln\left|\sec\left(\frac{1}{z} \right) \right|-\frac{1}{2}\tan^2\left(\frac{1}{z} \right)+C$$
 
Here is a little puzzle from the book 100 Geometric Games by Pierre Berloquin. The side of a small square is one meter long and the side of a larger square one and a half meters long. One vertex of the large square is at the center of the small square. The side of the large square cuts two sides of the small square into one- third parts and two-thirds parts. What is the area where the squares overlap?

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
4
Views
2K
Replies
1
Views
1K
Replies
1
Views
2K