Calculating <ψ(t)|x|ψ(t)> in a Harmonic Oscillator Potential

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the expectation value of position, ## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > ##, for a particle in a harmonic oscillator potential. The state of the particle is given by a superposition of the ground state ## |ψ_0> ## and the first excited state ## |ψ_1> ##. The correct expression for the expectation value is derived as ## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > = \frac{1}{2} [ <ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_1> e^{-i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar)} + <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_0> e^{-i(E_0 - E_1)t/\hbar)}] ##. The participants confirm that the initial calculations are correct but emphasize the need for simplification.

PREREQUISITES
  • Quantum mechanics fundamentals, specifically harmonic oscillator potentials.
  • Understanding of state vectors and superposition in quantum mechanics.
  • Knowledge of expectation values in quantum mechanics.
  • Familiarity with the mathematical representation of operators, particularly the position operator ## \hat{x} ##.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of expectation values in quantum mechanics.
  • Learn about the properties of harmonic oscillators in quantum mechanics.
  • Explore the significance of the position operator ## \hat{x} ## in quantum states.
  • Investigate the role of time evolution in quantum states using the Schrödinger equation.
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Students and professionals in quantum mechanics, physicists working with harmonic oscillators, and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of quantum state analysis.

Rococo
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Homework Statement



A particle in a harmonic oscillator potential in the following state after a time t:

## | ψ(t) > = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} [e^{(-iE_0 t/\hbar)} |ψ_0> + e^{(-iE_1 t/\hbar)} |ψ_1> ] ##

I want to write an expression for ## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > ##.

Homework Equations



The answer is meant to be:

## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > = \frac{1}{2} [ <ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_1> e^{-i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar)} + <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_0> e^{-i(E_0 - E_1)t/\hbar)}] ##

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > = \int{ψ^{*}(t) \hat{x} ψ(t)}##
## = \int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} [ e^{(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_0 + e^{(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_1}] \hat{x} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}[ e^{-(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ_0 + e^{-(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ_1] ##

## = \int{\frac{1}{2} [ e^{(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_0 \hat{x} e^{-(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ_0 + e^{(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_0 \hat{x} e^{-(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ_1 + e^{(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_1} \hat{x} e^{-(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ_0 + e^{(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_1} \hat{x} e^{-(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ_1 ##

## = \frac{1}{2} [<ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_0 > + e^{-i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar} <ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_1 > + e^{i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar} <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_0 > + <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_1> ]##

This is a different answer than it should be, where am I going wrong?
 
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No, it is correct. You are just missing one step of simplification.
 
Orodruin said:
No, it is correct. You are just missing one step of simplification.

Do you say that ##<ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_0 >## and ##<ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_1 >## are expectation values of position, which for the simple harmonic oscillator, are zero?
 
I did not say it, I wanted you to do it.
 

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