Calculus - Tangent lines and radial lines

In summary, a tangent line in calculus is a straight line that touches a curve at only one point and has the same slope as the curve at that point. The equation of a tangent line can be found using the point-slope form, and the slope is determined by the derivative of the function at the point of tangency. This is different from a normal line, which intersects the curve at a right angle and has a slope that is the negative reciprocal of the curve's slope. Calculus is used to find tangent lines by using the derivative to determine the slope of the curve at a specific point, which is then used to find the equation of the tangent line. Additionally, a radial line is a line that extends from the origin of a
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RentonT
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Homework Statement


Let P be any point (except the origin) on the curve r=f(θ). If ψ is the angle between the tangent line at P and the radial line OP, show that

tan(ψ)= (r/(dr/dθ))​

Hint: Observe that ψ = φ - θ in the figure.

Homework Equations


Very few equations come to mind except y = r*sin(θ) and x = r*cos(θ). Also, dr/dθ is equal to f'(θ).


The Attempt at a Solution


See Relevant Equations.
 
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Note that:
[tex]
\tan (\psi )=\frac{dy}{dx}
[/tex]
In cartesian co-ordinates.
 

1. What is a tangent line in calculus?

A tangent line is a straight line that touches a curve at only one point, and has the same slope as the curve at that point. In calculus, tangent lines are used to find the instantaneous rate of change of a function at a specific point.

2. How do you find the equation of a tangent line?

The equation of a tangent line can be found using the point-slope form: y - y1 = m(x - x1), where (x1, y1) is the point of tangency and m is the slope of the tangent line. To find the slope, you can use the derivative of the function at the given point.

3. What is the difference between a tangent line and a normal line?

A tangent line touches the curve at only one point, while a normal line (also known as a perpendicular line) intersects the curve at a right angle. The slope of a tangent line is equal to the slope of the curve at that point, while the slope of a normal line is the negative reciprocal of the slope of the curve at that point.

4. How is calculus used to find tangent lines?

In calculus, the derivative is used to find the slope of a curve at a specific point, which is also the slope of the tangent line at that point. This slope is then used in the point-slope form to find the equation of the tangent line.

5. What is a radial line in calculus?

A radial line is a line that extends from the origin of a circle to a point on the circle. In calculus, radial lines are used to find the rate of change of a function with respect to the distance from the origin. This is known as the radial derivative.

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