You mention that the door frame is just light-weight wood set into a hole in the concrete wall. You want to secure the door with better locks.
With that construction, you have the same problem with the hinges breaking out the door frame.
Also, if you floor-mount a stop/lock as in posts #12 or #15, that still leaves the existing locks and upper hinges vulnerable. The floor-mount stop/lock will just be a pivot point.
For real security at least three, preferably four, restraints are needed: a high and low placement on the door edge with the locks, and at least one on the edge with the hinges.
The approach in post #2 is probably the easiest and is quite effective. That bar from the doorknob to the floor is adjustable in overall length, either by threads cut into the two telescoping pieces, or steel pin(s) inserted in holes to fix the length. They work well on solid floors, not so well on carpets. To lock, you just wedge them in by kicking them in place.
Using another of those bars at the hinged edge would make for rather good security. Since there is no doorknob at that door edge, screw a length of good-sized angle iron to the door horizontally across the solid part of the door. Use several large diameter screws. Several large screws because the inward force by an attacker is translated to an upward force that trys to rotate the angle iron upward, pulling the screws out.
Of course the landlord will want to charge you for a new door when you move out... unless you fill the holes and do a decent paint job.
The above will keep the door closed but that won't stop someone from kicking in the lower door panel. You could attach a steel plate over the lower half of the door... if you don't mind the place looking like a prison.
Or just replace the whole thing with a metal door with a separate heavy bar across it. The bar would drop into sturdy hooks firmly attached to the concrete wall on either side of the door. That would likely cost several months rent, and a VERY mad landlord though!
Let us know what you decide on.
Cheers,
Tom