Can energy and mass be created or transformed in the universe?

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Energy and mass cannot be created or destroyed, adhering to the conservation laws of physics. However, energy can transform into mass, as seen in particle-antiparticle creation from high-energy photons. When particles annihilate, their rest mass converts into energy, demonstrating the interchangeability of mass and energy. Photons, while massless, possess energy and can exhibit relativistic mass depending on their context. The discussion highlights the complexities of mass conservation and transformation in the universe.
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Can energy/mass be created? If doesn't, how has it come to exist? If does, how can it be achieved?
 
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Is invariant mass always conserved? I mean, if you have a particle and anti particle annihilate won't you be left with relativistic mass only now?

As far as I can tell, you can have a ton of photons with some energy in the same place then they can 'transform' into a particle-anti particle pair which in turn transforms their relativistic mass into the rest mass of the particles... Right?

Also, since light always travels at c does it not always have the same relativistic mass in every reference frame?

Sorry for random questions and not helping.
 

Thread 'Need help understanding particle physics and quantum physics'

So I know that electrons are fundamental, there's no 'material' that makes them up, it's like talking about a colour itself rather than a car or a flower. Now protons and neutrons and quarks and whatever other stuff is there fundamentally, I want someone to kind of teach me these, I have a lot of questions that books might not give the answer in the way I understand. Thanks
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