The discussion centers on the formation of H2O (water) in the context of atmospheric presence. It highlights that interstellar water likely forms in space, possibly through processes like nova or supernova events. This interstellar water is considered a significant source of Earth's early water, primarily delivered by ice comets rather than originating from outgassing from the Earth's core. The ambiguity in defining "form" and "without an atmosphere" is acknowledged, emphasizing the need for clarity in these terms to understand the processes involved in water formation.
Well, there's a lot of interstellar water, most of which probably formed out there in space (novae? supernovae?) That's the likely source for much of the early water on Earth: ice comets raining down upon Earth (as opposed to stuff 'outgassing' out of the Earth's core). Unfortunately, I can't find a good source for this last assertion, beyond what I remember and the Wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Earth#Origin_of_the_oceans_and_atmosphere
Do the published values of Enthalpy include the work done against a constant pressure, e.g., the atmosphere? (I am not a chemist). I am reviewing enthalpy and entropy as part of the statistical mechanics applied to transistors. I assume, from my reading, that the work done would mostly apply to reactions involving gasses.
I was introduced to the Octet Rule recently and make me wonder, why does 8 valence electrons or a full p orbital always make an element inert?
What is so special with a full p orbital?
Like take Calcium for an example, its outer orbital is filled but its only the s orbital thats filled so its still reactive not so much as the Alkaline metals but still pretty reactive.
Can someone explain it to me?
Thanks!!
It seems like a simple enough question: what is the solubility of epsom salt in water at 20°C? A graph or table showing how it varies with temperature would be a bonus. But upon searching the internet I have been unable to determine this with confidence. Wikipedia gives the value of 113g/100ml. But other sources disagree and I can't find a definitive source for the information. I even asked chatgpt but it couldn't be sure either. I thought, naively, that this would be easy to look up without...