The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is determined by the formula C = εA/d, where C is capacitance in Farads, ε is the permittivity of the dielectric (8.854 * 10^-12 F/m), A is the area of the plates in square meters, and d is the separation distance in meters. The capacitance remains unaffected by the voltage applied to the capacitor, relying solely on the physical dimensions and dielectric properties. For air as the dielectric, the formula can be simplified to C (in pF) = 0.0885 * Area (in square cm) / separation distance (in cm), allowing for straightforward calculations based on plate area and distance.
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