Choosing the Right Coupling Capacitor: Factors to Consider

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    Coupling Value
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around determining the appropriate value of a coupling capacitor in electronic circuits, particularly focusing on factors such as operating frequency, circuit design, and component characteristics. The conversation includes both theoretical considerations and practical applications.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that while the coupling capacitor must behave like a short circuit at the working frequency, there are additional factors to consider in its selection.
  • Another participant argues that the choice of coupling capacitor is influenced by price, physical size, and reliability, favoring small, non-electrolytic devices.
  • It is noted that for audio frequencies, typical capacitor values range from 1µF to 15µF, while RF applications require much smaller capacitance values, ranging from hundreds of pF to a few pF at higher frequencies.
  • Participants inquire about specific formulas for calculating the corner frequency and the relationship between capacitance and resistance.
  • One participant references a source that provides a table for selecting coupling capacitors based on frequency needs but seeks clarification on how the values were derived.
  • Another participant presents a formula for the corner frequency, Fc = 1/(2*Π*R*C), and discusses the effective resistance seen by the capacitor.
  • There is a discussion about the input resistance of the circuit and its relation to the transistor's input characteristics.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the factors influencing the choice of coupling capacitors, with some emphasizing practical considerations while others focus on theoretical aspects. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best approach to selecting coupling capacitors.

Contextual Notes

Some participants mention the need for specific formulas and calculations, indicating potential limitations in the discussion regarding assumptions and the derivation of values for capacitor selection.

Grim Arrow
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How do I determine the value of a blocking capacitor for say this circuit:
common-emitter-RC-coupled-amplifier.png

What I mean is, sure Cin must behave like a short circuit at working frequency, but something tells me there is more to the choice of a coupling capacitor than this.
 
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Grim Arrow said:
...something tells me there is more to the choice of a coupling capacitor than this.
IMO not a lot! Price, physical size, reliability - which tend to favour small, non-electrolytic devices.
You don't need (and can't get) a short cct, so you can calculate how low you need to go to get the frequency response you need. If you make the capacitance too large, you may get irritating issues with it charging to quiescent DC levels at switch on. Low enough is low enough.
 
Grim Arrow said:
How do I determine the value of a blocking capacitor for say this circuit:

circuit operating frequency is the main criteria
audio freqs -- 1uF to ~ 15uF electrolytics would be very commonly used

At RF, a whole different ball game and cap values at different freq ranges ( bands) becomes more critical
could be anything from 100's of pF @ HF 3 - 30MHz to a few pF at freq's over 1000 MHz (1GHz)Dave
 
Are there any particular formulas?
 
Screenshot_2016-09-07-15-57-19.png

I found this in a site called "Learningaboutelectronics" and it says I can use this table to choose a coupling cap for my frequency needs. This sure solves some of my problems, but I need to know how they got these values.
 
Grim Arrow said:
What I mean is, sure Cin must behave like a short circuit at working frequency, but something tells me there is more to the choice of a coupling capacitor than this.

If you replace the transistor and all it's biasing components with a resistor equal to the input impedance then you essentially end up with a high pass circuit like this..

High-pass-filter-diagram2.png


Choose C to set the corner frequency.
 
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CWatters said:
If you replace the transistor and all it's biasing components with a resistor equal to the input impedance then you essentially end up with a high pass circuit like this..

High-pass-filter-diagram2.png


Choose C to set the corner frequency.
Thanks!
 
Grim Arrow said:
Are there any particular formulas?
Yes, there is. The corner frequency is equal to Fc = 1/(2*Π*R*C)≈ 0.16/(R*C). The frequency at which R = Xc
C is the capacitance of a capacitor and the R is the resistance "seen" by capacitor The effective resistance that will discharge the capacitor.
So for Cin we have Cin ≈ 0.16/(Rs + Rin*Fc), Ce ≈ 0.16/(1/gm * Fc), count ≈ 0.16/(Rc+RL*Fc)

Rs - is a signal source resistance
Rin - the amplifier input resistance ≈ R1||R2||(β*1/gm )
gm - the BJT transconductance gm ≈ Ic/26mV ≈ 40*Ic
 
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Jony130 said:
Yes, there is. The corner frequency is equal to Fc = 1/(2*Π*R*C)≈ 0.16/(R*C). The frequency at which R = Xc
C is the capacitance of a capacitor and the R is the resistance "seen" by capacitor The effective resistance that will discharge the capacitor.
So for Cin we have Cin ≈ 0.16/(Rs + Rin*Fc), Ce ≈ 0.16/(1/gm * Fc), count ≈ 0.16/(Rc+RL*Fc)

Rs - is a signal source resistance
Rin - the amplifier input resistance ≈ R1||R2||(β*1/gm )
gm - the BJT transconductance gm ≈ Ic/26mV ≈ 40*Ic
Thanks! And the input resistance is given by R1||R2 + the transistor's input resistance(Ube/Ib)?
 
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Grim Arrow said:
And the input resistance is given by R1||R2 + the transistor's input resistance(Ube/Ib)?
Yes.
 
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  • #11
Jony130 said:
Yes.
Thanks once again!
 

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