Consider the heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere of radius

In summary, the heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere of radius unity can be solved using separation of variables, leading to an eigenvalue problem with boundary conditions that can be determined from the given information. By using the change of variable X(r) = rR(r), the problem can be simplified to finding all the eigenvalues. The boundary conditions u(1,t) = 0 for t > 0 and u(r,t) < ∞ provide the necessary information to determine these eigenvalues.
  • #1
mcfc
17
0
Consider the heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere of radius unity:
[tex]u_t = u_{rr}+{2 \over r}u_r \ for \ (r,t) \in (0,1) x (0,\infty)[/tex]
with boundary conditions [tex]\lim_{r \rightarrow 0}u(r,t) < \infty ; \ u(1,t)=0\ for \ t >0[/tex]

Now, using separation of variables [tex]u=R(r)T(t)[/tex] leads to the eigenvalue problem [tex]rR''+2R'-\mu rR=0 \ \ with \ lim_{r \rightarrow 0}R(r) < \infty \ and \ R(1)=0[/tex]

Then using the change of variable [tex]X(r)=rR(r) [/tex]this becomes [tex]X''-\mu X = 0[/tex]

Now to find all the eigenvalues I need to know what the boundary conditions are, and from the info above, how do I determine the sets of boundary conditions to use to find the eigenvalues [tex]\mu_n[/tex]??
 
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  • #2
Hi mcfc! :smile:

(have a mu: µ and an infinity: ∞ :wink:)

u(1,t)=0 for t >0, and u = R(r)T(t), so what does that tell you about R or T?

Also, R(r) = X/r, so put that into your solution for X, and then use u(r,t) < ∞ :wink:
 

1. What is the heat equation?

The heat equation is a mathematical equation that describes how heat energy is distributed in a given system over time. It is commonly used in physics and engineering to model heat transfer and temperature changes in various materials and systems.

2. What does it mean for a sphere to be radially symmetric?

A sphere is considered to be radially symmetric if it looks the same from all directions. In other words, any line passing through the center of the sphere will divide it into two equal halves. This property is important in the context of the heat equation as it simplifies the mathematical calculations and allows for a more concise solution.

3. What is the significance of the radius in the heat equation for a radially symmetric sphere?

The radius of the sphere is a crucial parameter in the heat equation as it determines the size of the system being studied. It also affects the rate at which heat is transferred, as larger spheres have a larger surface area for heat exchange compared to smaller spheres.

4. How is the heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere different from the heat equation in other shapes?

The heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere is unique in that it only considers heat transfer in the radial direction, while other shapes may also involve heat transfer in other directions. Additionally, the boundary conditions for a sphere are different than those for other shapes, which can affect the solution to the heat equation.

5. How can the heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere be solved?

The heat equation in a radially symmetric sphere can be solved using various mathematical techniques, such as separation of variables, Fourier series, or numerical methods. The specific method used will depend on the boundary conditions and other parameters of the system being studied.

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