# Continuously differentiable

#### sara_87

1. Homework Statement
Given:
w=9(cos($$\theta$$)+sin($$\theta$$)) and u=r*w.
1) Is u continuously differentiable?
2)Is it possible to get u continuously differentiable with a different w?

2. Homework Equations

3. The Attempt at a Solution

1) u is continuously differentiable since w is in terms of sines and cosines which are continuously differentiable functions. (Is that right?)
2) I'm stuck on this one.

Thank you

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#### matt grime

Homework Helper
What's r? A constant? A function of theta? A variable? I'm inclined to think that r and theta are polar co-ordinates, is that correct? If so what are you differentiating with respect to?

What level of proof is required? I.e. do you have to do things from first principles? Can you appeal to known results: sin and cos are certainly continuously differentiable, but can you use that?

#### Dick

Homework Helper
As a function of two real variables r and theta, u is continuously differentiable. But if you think of u as a function on the x-y plane described by the polar coordinates (r,theta) you MAY have a problem. Think about what happens at r=0. Do you?

#### sara_87

u(x,y)=rw(theta) where r and theta are polar coordinates.When we differentiate, it will be with respect to x and y.
When r=0 then u=0 which is continuously differentiable..??

#### Dick

Homework Helper
u=0 is the value of the function at r=0. I would be more worried about the values of the derivatives of u near r=0. Try writing it as a function of x and y.

#### sara_87

Do you mean I should write w in terms of x and y?

#### Dick

Homework Helper
Do you mean I should write w in terms of x and y?
Sure. And then write u as a function of x and y.

#### sara_87

w=9cos(theta)+9sin(theta)
=9(x/r)+9(y/r)
so u=rw=9(x+y)
the derivative (whether its with respect to x or y) is 9 which is continuously differentiable.

#### Dick

Homework Helper
w=9cos(theta)+9sin(theta)
=9(x/r)+9(y/r)
so u=rw=9(x+y)
the derivative (whether its with respect to x or y) is 9 which is continuously differentiable.
Seems fine to me.

#### sara_87

Thanks.
What about the next one: Is it possible to get u continuously differentiable with a different w?

#### Dick

Homework Helper
Thanks.
What about the next one: Is it possible to get u continuously differentiable with a different w?
You shouldn't have any trouble coming up with others that are. It's more interesting to think about ones that aren't. How about u=r?

#### sara_87

u=r is continuously differentiable.
and we can have other functions like u=rsin(2theta) etc.. right?

#### Dick

Homework Helper
u=r is continuously differentiable.
and we can have other functions like u=rsin(2theta) etc.. right?
u=r is not even differentiable at 0. Think harder about it. It's a lot like absolute value, f(x)=|x|.

#### sara_87

u=r=sqrt(x^2+y^2)
the derivative is u'=(1/2)(2x or 2y)(x^2+y^2)^(-1/2)
the derivative at 0 is 0.

But can we not have other functions for u that are continuously differentiable?

#### Dick

Homework Helper
u=r=sqrt(x^2+y^2)
the derivative is u'=(1/2)(2x or 2y)(x^2+y^2)^(-1/2)
the derivative at 0 is 0.

But can we not have other functions for u that are continuously differentiable?
The derivative at zero is not zero. It's undefined. To see whether it's continuously differentiable you have to look at limits. Try limit du/dx as x->0+ and x->0- and y=0. To find other functions that ARE continuously differentiable, write any function that is continuously differentiable at 0 in x-y coordinates and convert to polar coordinates. Like u=x^2+y^2=r^2.

#### sara_87

oh right i see, we have to take the limit of the derivative.
ok so say u=r^2=x^2+y^2
then du/dx=2x and the limit of 2x as x tends to 0 is 0 so it is continuously differentiable...right?

#### Dick

Homework Helper
oh right i see, we have to take the limit of the derivative.
ok so say u=r^2=x^2+y^2
then du/dx=2x and the limit of 2x as x tends to 0 is 0 so it is continuously differentiable...right?
Right. u=r^2 is continuously differentiable. u=r is not.

thank you.

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